Distribution of Phthalocyanines and Raman Reporters in Human Cancerous and Noncancerous Breast Tissue as Studied by Raman Imaging

Abstract

The results show that the emission spectra combined with the Raman images are very sensitive indicators to specify the aggregation state and the distribution of phthalocyanines in the cancerous and noncancerous breast tissues. Our results provide experimental evidence on the role of aggregation of phthalocyanines as a factor of particular significance in differentiation of the normal and tumourous (cancerous or benign pathology) breast tissues. We conclude that the Raman imaging reported here has a potential to be a novel and effective photodynamic therapeutic method with improved selectivity for the treatment of breast cancer.

Biochemical fingerprint of colorectal cancer cell lines using label‐free live single‐cell Raman spectroscopy

“…[6] A number of groups have used Raman in studies on fixed cells, where the proteins within the cells are polymerized, keeping the cells in a non-viable chemically stable state. However, a number of publications [7][8][9][10][11][12] and recent reviews [5,13] indicate that formalin-fixed cells show a decrease in lipid and protein content, an overall weaker signal, new peaks due to the fixation, and shifts in some bands. Raman spectroscopy has previously been undertaken in live cancer cell lines.…”

Oncologic photodynamic diagnosis and therapy: confocal Raman/fluorescence imaging of metal phthalocyanines in human breast cancer tissue in vitro

“…We have demonstrated that the lipid prole of the cancerous tissue differs from that of the noncancerous tissue and does not resemble the vibrational features of the unsaturated fatty acids. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] This observation, analyzed in the context of the present study and a number of literature studies, suggests that fatty acids and the products of their metabolism play an important role in the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. 3,36,38 In this context it is extremely important to monitor not , 2900-3010 cm À1 and 3670-4600 cm À1 (d), average spectra used for the basis analysis method and single spectra corresponding to different areas of the fluorescence image (colors of the spectra corresponding to colors of the fluorescence/Raman image presented in part (c)) (e), and microscopy image 2000 Â 2000 mm, 300 Â 300 pixels, spatial resolution (0.66 Â 0.66 mm) and single spectra of various sites of the sample, colors of the spectra correspond to the colors of the crosses in the microscopy image (f).…”

“…The medical applications of Raman imaging are a rapidly developing area of molecular biospectroscopy that create new possibilities in human cancer diagnostics. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Alternatively, photodynamic methods (PDT, PDD, PIT) in cancer are powerful and promising treatment modalities related to the use of photosensitizers as agents to destroy cancer cells. Current clinical strategies and future views in photodynamic methods have been discussed recently.…”

Label-free determination of lipid composition and secondary protein structure of human salivary noncancerous and cancerous tissues by Raman microspectroscopy

“…The anatomy of salivary glands was described the first time by Beahrs and Adson in the 60's of the XX-th century. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] However, RS and RI can cover a broad spectrum of diagnostic applications, including for example: skin diseases, body fluids analysis, Alzheimer's disease. 1 Salivary gland cancers comprise about 3-6 % of all head and neck human cancers and cause < 0.1 % of all cancer deaths.…”