Distribution of self-compatible and self-incompatible populations of Petunia axillaris (Solanaceae) outside Uruguay

Abstract

Petunia axillaris occurs in temperate South America and consists of three allopatric subspecies: axillaris, parodii, and subandina. Previous studies have revealed that subsp. axillaris is self-incompatible (SI), subsp. parodii is self-compatible (SC) in Uruguay, and subsp. subandina is SC in Argentina. The SI/SC status over the entire distribution range is not completely understood, however. The objective of this study was to examine the overall SI/SC status of the respective subspecies in comparison with floral morphology. The results confirmed that subsp. parodii and subsp. subandina were SC throughout the distribution range, and that subsp. axillaris was also SC in Brazil and in most of the Argentinean territory. The SI P. axillaris occurs in the natural population only between 34 and 36 degrees S, along the eastern shore of South America. The Brazilian and Uruguayan subsp. axillaris differed in SI/SC status and floral morphology. We discuss the cause of this difference.

Phylogenetic Relationship between Degree of Self-compatibility and Floral Traits in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Liliaceae)

“…Quantitative variation of SI among individuals has often been observed within species (Kokubun et al, 2006;Levin, 1996;Lloyd, 1968;Reinartz and Les, 1994;Stebbins, 1957;Stephenson et al, 2003), and the geographic distribution of individuals categorized by SI strength was also confirmed (Goodwillie and Ness, 2005;Inoue, 1988;Kokubun et al, 2006;Lipow et al, 1999;Lloyd, 1968;Lyons and Antonovics, 1991;Ortiz et al, 2006;Stone et al, 2006;Tsukamoto et al, 1999). These previous studies, however, covered only a few populations (but see Kokubun et al, 2006;Lloyd, 1968) and estimated SI/SC as a qualitative trait, but not a quantitative trait.…”

“…These previous studies, however, covered only a few populations (but see Kokubun et al, 2006;Lloyd, 1968) and estimated SI/SC as a qualitative trait, but not a quantitative trait. Our pollination experiment on L. longiflorum populations that were selected from the entire species range measured SI strength for each individual, and as a consequence, estimated the degree of SC strictly for each population.…”

“…This decision strongly indicates that self-compatible populations of L. longiflorum in the northern Ryukyu Archipelago and Taiwan were established allopatrically and were phylogenetically independent. Self-compatibility populations are often found at the periphery of species distribution (Busch, 2005;Kokubun et al, 2006). Allozyme diversity of L. longiflorum populations indicated that the divergence of L. longiflorum from an ancestor was initiated 2.62 million years ago (MYA) (Hiramatsu et al, 2001a).…”

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Petunia (Solanaceae) based on the sequence of the Hf1 gene

“…parodii, subsp. A close relationship between P. axillaris and P. exserta was also observed in the phylogenetic study that used chloroplast and mitochondria intergenic spacers and nuclear ITS regions (Kulcheski et al 2006); clades that would correspond with the clades A and B were not present in their phylogenetic trees, however. 3, 4).…”

Efecto del tipo sustrato de cultivo, la fertilización y el agua de riego en la composición mineral y el desarrollo de Petunia x hybrida Vilm.

“…La falta de asociación entre el PF y el contenido de Na + para la 2° y 3° fecha de muestreo, Kokubun et al (2006), mencionan que esta subespecie es autoincompatible, razón por la cual el cruzamiento con otras especies y/o subespecies sería potencialmente posible.…”