Distribution of trace elements in selected pulverized coals as a function of particle size and density

Senior, Constance L.; Zeng, Taofang; Che, J.; Ames, Michael; Sarofim, Adel F.; Ölmez, I.; Huggins, Frank E.; Shah, Naresh; Huffman, G.P.; Kolker, Allan; Mroczkowski, S.; Palmer, Colin A.; Finkelman, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3820(99)00098-3

Cited by 98 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For distributions of ground coal particles, it has been reported that the organic matter is concentrated in the smaller particles (Kaufmann et al, 1994, and Senior et al, 2000. This same effect was demonstrated in the current work.…”

Section: 4-2 "Smaller" Coal Particle Samples (A' and A'')supporting

confidence: 78%

Coal Cleaning via Liquid-Fluidized Classificaiton (Lfbc) With Selective Solvent Swelling

Calo¹

2000

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The concept of coal beneficiation due to particle segregation in water-fluidized beds, and its improvement via selective solvent-swelling of organic material-rich coal particles, was investigated in this study. Particle size distributions and their behavior were determined using image analysis techniques, and beneficiation effects were explored via measurements of the ash content of segregated particle samples collected from different height locations in a 5 cm diameter liquid-fluidized bed column (LFBC).Both acetone and phenol were found to be effective swelling agents for both Kentucky #9and Illinois #6 coals, considerably increasing mean particle diameters, and shifting particle size distributions to larger sizes. Acetone was a somewhat more effective swelling solvent than phenol. The use of phenol was investigated, however, to demonstrate that low cost, waste solvents can be effective as well.For unswollen coal particles, the trend of increasing particle size from top to bottom in the LFBC was observed in all cases. Since the organic matter in the coal tends to concentrate in the smaller particles, the larger particles are typically denser. Consequently, the LFBC naturally tends to separate coal particles according to mineral matter content, both due to density and size.The data for small (40-100 µm), solvent-swollen particles clearly showed improved beneficiation with respect to segregation in the water-fluidized bed than was achieved with the corresponding unswollen particles. This size range is quite similar to that used in pulverized coal combustion.The original process concept was amply demonstrated in this project. Additional work remains to be done, however, in order to develop this concept into a full-scale process.iii

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Section: 4-2 "Smaller" Coal Particle Samples (A' and A'')supporting

confidence: 78%

Coal Cleaning via Liquid-Fluidized Classificaiton (Lfbc) With Selective Solvent Swelling

Calo¹

2000

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“…be of environmental concern if the particular element is present in enriched concentrations in the utilized coal deposit (Swaine, 1990;Senior et al, 2000). At least two of the elements listed above-As and Hg-are thought to have particularly adverse human health effects associated with coal utilization .…”

Section: Trace Element Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Investigations into the modes of occurrence of HAPs elements in coals have shown that some of the elements (typically As, Cd, Co, Hg, Pb and Sb) are preferentially sequestered in the inorganic fraction of the coal, and primarily occur in the sulfide minerals pyrite, marcasite, galena, stibnite and sphalerite, and in selenides such as clausthalite (Kolker and Finkelman, 1998;Senior et al, 2000;Palmer et al, 2002;Hower and Robertson, 2003). These same studies have shown that other HAP elements (Be, Cr, Mn, Ni, Se and U) occur both as integral components of the organic matter and within mineral matter including sulfides, silicates and carbonates.…”

Section: Trace Element Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela

Hackley

Warwick

González³

2005

International Journal of Coal Geology

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“…These forms of inorganic matter are shown schematically in Figure 4. 104 Detailed characterizations of the mineral content of coals have been conducted by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) by a number of research groups. [105][106][107][108][109][110][111] An example of the mineral size distributions as determined by CCSEM is provided in Figure 5, which shows the size distribution of mineral inclusions in raw Kentucky No.…”

Section: Residual Ash Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,021

600

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Particulate matter (PM) emissions from stationary combustion sources burning coal, fuel oil, biomass, and waste, and PM from internal combustion (IC) engines burning gasoline and diesel, are a significant source of primary particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in urban areas. Combustion-generated particles are generally smaller than geologically produced dust and have unique chemical composition and morphology. The fundamental processes affecting formation of combustion PM and the emission characteristics of important applications are reviewed. Particles containing transition metals, ultrafine particles, and soot are emphasized because these types of particles have been studied extensively, and their emissions are controlled by the fuel composition and the oxidant-temperature-mixing history from the flame to the stack. There is a need for better integration of the combustion, air pollution control, atmospheric chemistry, and inhalation health research communities. Epidemiology has demonstrated that susceptible individuals are being harmed by ambient PM. Particle surface area, number of ultrafine particles, bioavailable transition metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other particle-bound organic compounds are suspected to be more important than particle mass in determining the effects of air pollution. Time-and size-resolved PM measurements are needed for testing mechanistic toxicological hypotheses, for characterizing the relationship between combustion operating conditions and transient emissions, and for source apportionment studies to develop air quality plans. Citations are provided to more specialized reviews, and the concluding comments make suggestions for further research.

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Distribution of trace elements in selected pulverized coals as a function of particle size and density

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

Coal Cleaning via Liquid-Fluidized Classificaiton (Lfbc) With Selective Solvent Swelling

Coal Cleaning via Liquid-Fluidized Classificaiton (Lfbc) With Selective Solvent Swelling

Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

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