Distribution, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends for Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality

BackgroundOxidative stress is currently considered to be closely related to the occurrence of respiratory tumors, especially lung cancer. Many observational studies have shown that increased antioxidant intake can reduce the risk of lung cancer, but the results are still controversial. Therefore, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis to clarify the causal relationship between antioxidant vitamins and lung cancer.MethodsTo assess the causal effect of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake on lung cancer, we conducted a two-sample MR analysis and we extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with antioxidants from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the UK biobank. We gathered summary data for lung cancer from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), including 11,348 cases and 15,861 controls, and applied the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary MR analysis, and performed a sensitivity analysis to verify the results.ResultsThe results showed that higher dietary retinol intake was causally associated with lung cancer overall [odds ratio (OR) = 1.844, 95% CI, 1.359–2.502, p = 0.00009], squamous cell lung cancer (OR = 2.162, 95% CI, 1.117–4.183, p = 0.022), and lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.706, 95% CI, 1.084–2.685, p = 0.021). Additionally, carotene was positively correlated with lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.510, 95% CI, 1.002–2.276, p = 0.049). However, there was a non-significant relationship between the intake of other dietary antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E) and lung cancer.ConclusionOur research showed that dietary retinol intake has an adverse impact on lung cancer, and carotene might increase the risk of adenocarcinoma. This highlights the importance of revealing the underlying mechanisms of dietary antioxidant vitamins in lung cancer and delivers an important health message that dietary antioxidant vitamin intake may not be necessary for the prevention of lung cancer. It also provides a basis for future research.

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“…Lung cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in the world (1). In recent years, it has remained the primary cause of cancer death (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal associations between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study

Zhao

Jin

2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…Testicular cancer is rare, so doctors misinterpreted the classical signs of the disease because of its unfamiliarity. 8,13 Delays in diagnosing non seminomatous germ cell tumours can lead to advanced stage of disease at diagnosis, need for more chemotherapy doses, relapse and need for second line chemotherapeutic agents, increased morbidity, increased cost of treatment and poor prognosis. 4 The effects of diagnostic delay on outcome of seminoma are debatable because of its response to cisplatin and radiotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Socioeconomic indices, alcohol drinking, inactivity, overweight, obesity, and high plasma lipid levels are associated with testicular cancer incidence and mortality. 8 Occupational exposures such as firefighting, air craft maintenance, and exposure to organochloride pesticides are associated with increased risk of testicular cancer. 9 A good history, systematic examination (including scrotal examination) and investigations are needed to make a diagnosis of testicular cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Cancer - The Great Masquerader

Abhulimen¹,

Danagogo²

2022

AJHMN

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Purpose: Testicular cancer is rare with increasing incidence worldwide. Testicular cancer can mimic many other diseases leading to delay in diagnosis. Delays in diagnosis and management of testicular cancer are associated with advanced stage, increased morbidity and poor prognosis. This case report aims to highlight a case of testicular cancer who presented with metastasis due to delays in testicular cancer diagnosis and ways to improve diagnosis. Methodology: The study focused on a 17-year-old boy presented with severe intermittent abdominal pain for a month. He was reviewed by the general physicians, internists, haematologists, radiologists, general surgeons and urologists. He was given several diagnoses before he was correctly diagnosed as advanced right testicular cancer. It took a total of 31 days in a tertiary institution to reach this diagnosis. Findings: The boy had a radical right inguinal orchidectomy. He had 4 courses of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy. He made remarkable recovery after treatment. A follow up was recommended closely with abdominal CT, and serum tumour markers (reverted to normal after treatment). Recommendations: Prompt diagnosis of testicular cancer can reduce treatment delays. Physician education, adequate patient evaluation, investigations, and a high index of suspicion would aid diagnosis. Health awareness campaign, testicular self-examination, and good health insurance schemes would reduce patient-related factors which result in delays. Reduction in diagnostic delay is expected to improve outcome and reduce cost of management of the disease.

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“…The numbers of incident cases and deaths from lung cancer increased globally during the past decade which makes patients with lung cancer have a high disease burden. 4 As the global data show, the burden of lung cancer worldwide will remain substantial for the foreseeable future. 5 Therefore, identifying readmission factors for lung cancer is necessary to decrease this constant burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between metabolic overweight/obesity phenotypes and readmission risk in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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Distribution, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends for Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality

Cited by 119 publications

References 23 publications

Causal associations between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study

Causal associations between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study

Testicular Cancer - The Great Masquerader

Association between metabolic overweight/obesity phenotypes and readmission risk in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study

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