Disturbances in Body Image Estimation as Related to Other Characteristics and Outcome in Anorexia Nervosa

Casper, Regina C.; Halmi, Katherine A.; Goldberg, Solomon C.; Eckert, Elke D.; Davis, John M.

doi:10.1192/bjp.134.1.60

Cited by 156 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The experience of sustained physical and mental energy likely supports the common assertion that "nothing is wrong." The so-called body image disturbance, in essence an overestimation of body size and depth despite body wasting, has been shown to be related to denial (Casper et al 1979;Crisp and Kalucy 1974).…”

Section: Symptoms In Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

2008

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Background and rationale This review addresses the role animal models play in contributing to our knowledge about the eating disorders anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and obesity. Objectives Explore the usefulness of animal models in complex biobehavioral familial conditions, such as AN, BN, and obesity, that involve interactions among genetic, physiologic, psychological, and cultural factors. Results and conclusionsThe most promising animal model to mimic AN is the activity-based anorexia rodent model leading to pathological weight loss. The paradigm incorporates reward elements of the drive for activity in the presence of an appetite and allows the use of genetically modified animals. For BN, the sham-feeding preparation in rodents equipped with a gastric fistula appears to be best suited to reproduce the postprandial emesis and the defects in satiety. Animal models that incorporate genes linked to behavior and mood may clarify biobehavioral processes underlying AN and BN. By contrast, a relative abundance of animal models has contributed to our understanding of human obesity. Both environmental and genetic determinants of obesity have been modeled in rodents. Here, we consider single gene mutant obesity models, along with models of obesigenic environmental conditions. The contributions of animal models to obesity research are illustrated by their utility for identifying genes linked to human obesity, for elucidating the pathways that regulate body weight and for the identification of potential therapeutic targets. The utility of these models may be further improved by exploring the impact of experimental manipulations on the behavioral determinants of energy balance.

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Section: Symptoms In Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

2008

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“…However, interest in the perceptual component of body image has waned in recent years due to uncertainty over the significance of body size overestimation in patients with eating disorders. This uncertainty has resulted from contradictory findings (Button, Fransella, & Slade, 1977;Casper, Halmi, Goldberg, Eckert, & Davis, 1979), as well as from methodologic and theoretic confusion over the measurement of the perceptual component of body image (Smeets, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body size estimation: Testing a new mirror‐based assessment method

Farrell

Shafran

Fairburn

2003

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: The aim of the current study was to compare a new ecologically valid method of body size estimation with an existing, commonly used method. Method: The new method uses a ''mirror-sized'' image and measures perception rather than memory of body size. Fifty-five healthy women participated in the study. Results: Body size estimations with the new method were significantly larger than with the existing method (p < .001). This difference was specific to body size and was not seen for estimation of neutral images.

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“…Patients with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, for example, will commonly insist that they are fat, even while completely emaciated (Bruch, 1978;Treasure, Claudino, & Zucker, 2010). Such body image distortions are a strong predictor of negative prognosis (Casper, Halmi, Goldberg, Eckert, & Davis, 1979) and of relapse following recovery (Fairburn, Peveler, Jones, Hope, & Doll, 1993;Keel, Dorer, Franko, Jackson, & Herzog, 2005). Patients with body dysmorphic disorder are fixated on the idea that some specific part of their body is hideously ugly, though it appears normal to everyone else (Phillips, Didie, Feusner, & Wilhelm, 2008).…”

Section: Distorted Body Representations In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Distorted Body Representations in Healthy Cognition

Longo

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Delusions and misperceptions about the body are a conspicuous feature of numerous neurological and psychiatric conditions. In stark contrast to such pathological cases, the immediacy and familiarity of our ordinary experience of our body can make it seem as if our representation of our body is highly accurate, even infallible. Recent research has begun to demonstrate, however, that large and systematic distortions of body representation are a normal part of healthy cognition. Here, I will describe this research, focusing on distortions of body representations underlying tactile distance perception and position sense. I will also discuss evidence for distortions of higherorder body representations, such as the conscious body image. Finally, I will end with a discussion of the potential relations among different body representations and their distortions. Distortions of Body Representations 3Our body is the core of our sense of self, and central to our personal identity as an individual. We experience our body from the outside, as a physical object in the world like any other, but also from the inside, as an object of immediate experience (Bermúdez, Marcel, & Eilan, 1995). The intimate and direct connection we have with our own body can make knowledge of our body seem immune to the usual sources of perceptual error and illusion. Indeed, the very fact that we have multiple ways of knowing about our body (from inside, and from outside) could very well contribute to making the overall perception of the body highly reliable. While distortions and misperceptions of the body are a familiar result of several psychiatric and neurological conditions, it is natural to suppose that healthy adults have highly accurate -even infallible -knowledge about the physical structure of their bodies. In this paper, I will describe recent research that has begun to question this assumption, showing large and systematic distortions of body representation in healthy adults. After giving a brief summary of the varied distortions of body representation found in pathological conditions, I will describe research showing large distortions of body representations

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Disturbances in Body Image Estimation as Related to Other Characteristics and Outcome in Anorexia Nervosa

Cited by 156 publications

References 10 publications

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

Body size estimation: Testing a new mirror‐based assessment method

Distorted Body Representations in Healthy Cognition

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