Dithiocarbamates: Challenges, Control, and Approaches to Excellent Yield, Characterization, and Their Biological Applications

Abstract

Progresses made in previous researches on syntheses of dithiocarbamates led to increase in further researches. This paper reviews concisely the challenges experienced during the synthesis of dithiocarbamate and mechanisms to overcome them in order to obtain accurate results. Aspects of its precursor’s uses to synthesize adducts, nanoparticles, and nanocomposites are reported. Some common characterization techniques used for the synthesized products were assessed. Biological applications are also reported.

Lead ethyl dithiocarbamates: efficient single-source precursors to PbS nanocubes

“…Dithiocarbamates are highly versatile ligands that form stable complexes with most metal ions [5,13]. Aside from their use as starting materials for the syntheses of nanomaterials, they have been reported as antimicrobial agents [14], herbicides [15], insecticides [16] and flotation agents [17]. Extensive research has been conducted on metal dithiocarbamate complexes due to their strong metal-binding properties.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and <i>In-Vitro</i> Antimicrobial Studies of M<sup>2+</sup>+ Complexes of <i>p</i>-Chlorophenyl-, <i>p</i>-Bromophenyl-Dithiocarbamates

“…This is due to their stability in different oxidation states [5]. Metal complexes of dithiocarbamates have been studied extensively due to their biological, agricultural, chemical, medicinal, pharmaceutical and industrial applications [3] [6]. The presence of the dithiocarbamate moiety in some biologically active molecules has generated interest in their potentials for medical application [7] [8] [9] [10] [11].…”

Antimicrobial, computational, and molecular docking studies of Zn (II) and Pd (II) complexes derived from piperidine dithiocarbamate

“…, and many others. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The dithiocarbamate synthesis has a large variety, depending on the final product. The traditional method is based on the reaction of a primary or secondary amine with carbon disulfide in the presence of metal or alkaline salt, due to low stability of these acids.…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Metal complexes of dithiocarbamate ligands have been the subject of current and growing interest because it possesses wide range of medical fields. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Dithiocarbamate can bond to metal ions in different coordination modes (Chart 2) as (i) monodentate ligands through the sulfur of the CSS − group (A); [10][11][12][13][14][15] (ii) bidentate chelating fashion through the sulfur atoms, through production of two almost equal M-S bonds. In doing so, it forms a small bite angle (S-M-S), ranging from 65 to 80 being dependent upon the size of the ligand and metal ion (B); [7,9, (iii) bidentate bridging mode through the two sulfur atoms or through the one of the sulfur atom only (C); [26,37,[39][40][41] (iv) poly-dentate mode between three center or more (D).…”

“…[28,37,[42][43][44] Metal complexes of dithiocarbamate present a wide range of applications in agricultural science, medicine as antibacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory, industry, analytical, and organic chemistry. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In the present work, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of Zn (II) and Pd (II) mixed ligand complexes of piperidine dithiocarbamate (PipDT) and amine ligands {2,2 0 -bipyridineine (Bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), and 3-aminopyridine (3Apy)}, whereas the treatment of cis-[PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ] with sodium benzisothiazolinate (Nabit) or sodium saccharinate (Nasac), followed by addition, sodium piperidine dithiocarbamate (NaPipDT) to give complexes of the type trans-…”