Diurnal evolution of wind structure and data availability measured by the DOE prototype radar system

Abstract. Decreasing gate closure times on the electricity stock exchange market and the rising share of renewables in today's energy system causes an increasing demand for very short-term power forecasts. While the potential of dual-Doppler radar data for that purpose was recently shown, the utilization of single-Doppler lidar measurements needs to be explored further to make remote-sensing-based very short-term forecasts more feasible for offshore sites. The aim of this work was to develop a lidar-based forecasting methodology, which addresses a lidar's comparatively low scanning speed. We developed a lidar-based forecast methodology using horizontal plan position indicator (PPI) lidar scans. It comprises a filtering methodology to recover data at far ranges, a wind field reconstruction, a time synchronization to account for time shifts within the lidar scans and a wind speed extrapolation to hub height. Applying the methodology to seven free-flow turbines in the offshore wind farm Global Tech I revealed the model's ability to outperform the benchmark persistence during unstable stratification, in terms of deterministic as well as probabilistic scores. The performance during stable and neutral situations was significantly lower, which we attribute mainly to errors in the extrapolation of wind speed to hub height.

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“…For the calculation of the stability correction term the definition (Paulson, 1970;Holtslag and De Bruin, 1988) shown below was used.…”

Section: Wind Speed Extrapolation To Hub Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minute-scale power forecast of offshore wind turbines using long-range single-Doppler lidar measurements

Theuer

Dooren

Bremen³

et al. 2020

Wind Energ. Sci.

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“…These structures are qualitatively evident in multi‐kilometer radar observations (see fig. 2d from Hirth et al 46 ) and satellite images (fig. 1 from Göcmen et al 47 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of atmospheric stability on the dynamic wake meandering model applied to two 12 MW floating wind turbines

Rivera‐Arreba,

Wise,

Eliassen

et al. 2023

Wind Energy

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Current global analysis tools for floating wind turbines (FWTs) do not account for the combined effects of atmospheric stability and wakes from neighboring turbines. This work uses the mid‐fidelity dynamic wake meandering model, together with turbulent wind fields generated based on stable, neutral, and unstable atmospheric conditions, to study the low‐frequency content of the global responses of two semisubmersible FWTs separated by eight rotor diameters. Incoming wind fields based on the Kaimal spectrum and exponential coherence model, the Mann spectral tensor model, and a time‐series input‐based turbulence model are used. The respective input parameters for these models are fitted to high‐fidelity large eddy simulation data.In unstable, below‐rated conditions, meandering leads to an increase in the yaw standard deviation of the downwind turbine of almost three times larger than the upwind turbine. Deficit and the upwards wake deflection affect the mean pitch and yaw, especially for the below‐rated wind speed scenario. The mean pitch of the downwind turbine is reduced up to half the mean pitch value of the upwind turbine, whereas the mean yaw changes direction due to the enhanced effect of shear. The effect of meandering on the structural loading is highest on the standard deviation of the tower‐top yaw moment of the downstream turbine, which increases more than 2.2 times compared to the upwind turbine value. Based on these findings, atmospheric stability affects wake deficit and meandering which in turn have a profound effect on the low‐frequency global motions and structural response of floating wind turbines.

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“…Specialized Doppler radar is uniquely qualified to simultaneously address these industry needs due to fast scan speeds, excellent along-beam resolution, and extended maximum range [1]. Recent offshore commercial deployments of dual-Doppler (DD) radar have highlighted its capability to document turbine inflow, wake flow and interaction, as well as regional-scale flows such as wind plant wakes [2], coastal gradients, and roughness-induced variabilities [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Onshore Deployment of Advanced Dual-Doppler Radar for Wind Energy Applications

Hirth,

Schroeder,

Guynes

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Two advanced X-band radars have been developed and deployed by Texas Tech University to provide continuous wind measurements serving project AWAKEN, including the construction of near real-time dual-Doppler synthesized wind fields covering a large 35 km x 35 km analysis domain. This deployment represents the first overland long duration utilization of the technology, which was configured to document a wide range of wind energy relevant flows spanning turbine inflow/wake flow to regional wind flows and wind plant interactions. The overland environment coupled with technology innovation has led to very high data availability yielding a growing archive of measurements documenting diverse atmospheric phenomena including numerous instances of wind plant interaction. Through the first few project months, data availability greater than 90%, 80% and 70% has been assessed at the ranges of 8 km, 16 km, and 25 km, respectively. Robust data availability coupled with fast radar scan speeds and high along beam measurement resolution position advanced Doppler radar technology to broadly contribute to diverse wind energy measurement applications covering domains sizes that far exceed existing industry standard measurement systems.

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Diurnal evolution of wind structure and data availability measured by the DOE prototype radar system

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Minute-scale power forecast of offshore wind turbines using long-range single-Doppler lidar measurements

Minute-scale power forecast of offshore wind turbines using long-range single-Doppler lidar measurements

Effect of atmospheric stability on the dynamic wake meandering model applied to two 12 MW floating wind turbines

An Onshore Deployment of Advanced Dual-Doppler Radar for Wind Energy Applications

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