Abstract:Spatial mode (de)multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams is a promising solution to address future bandwidth issues, but the rapidly increasing divergence with the mode order severely limits the practically addressable number of OAM modes. Here we present a set of multi-vortex geometric beams (MVGBs) as high-dimensional information carriers for free-space optical communication, by virtue of three independent degrees of freedom (DoFs) including central OAM, sub-beam OAM, and coherent-state phase. T… Show more
“…3a . Recently this DoF multiplexing has been extended to include path in novel ray-wave structured light to realise both ultrahigh capacity/speed and low bit-error-rate in communications 39 . Fig.…”
Section: Higher-dimensional and Multiple Dof Classically Structured L...mentioning
Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom (DoFs), from spatial to temporal. Although orbital angular momentum (OAM) is perhaps the most topical example, and celebrating 30 years since its connection to the spatial structure of light, control over other DoFs is slowly gaining traction, promising access to higher-dimensional forms of structured light. Nevertheless, harnessing these new DoFs in quantum and classical states remains challenging, with the toolkit still in its infancy. In this perspective, we discuss methods, challenges, and opportunities for the creation, detection, and control of multiple DoFs for higher-dimensional structured light. We present a roadmap for future development trends, from fundamental research to applications, concentrating on the potential for larger-capacity, higher-security information processing and communication, and beyond.
“…3a . Recently this DoF multiplexing has been extended to include path in novel ray-wave structured light to realise both ultrahigh capacity/speed and low bit-error-rate in communications 39 . Fig.…”
Section: Higher-dimensional and Multiple Dof Classically Structured L...mentioning
Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom (DoFs), from spatial to temporal. Although orbital angular momentum (OAM) is perhaps the most topical example, and celebrating 30 years since its connection to the spatial structure of light, control over other DoFs is slowly gaining traction, promising access to higher-dimensional forms of structured light. Nevertheless, harnessing these new DoFs in quantum and classical states remains challenging, with the toolkit still in its infancy. In this perspective, we discuss methods, challenges, and opportunities for the creation, detection, and control of multiple DoFs for higher-dimensional structured light. We present a roadmap for future development trends, from fundamental research to applications, concentrating on the potential for larger-capacity, higher-security information processing and communication, and beyond.
“…Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes and Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes are the eigensolutions of a paraxial wave equation, which are capable of composing complete and orthogonal bases. LG modes feature a circular symmetry and are directly related to the OAM of photons, which play an important role in rotational Doppler shift, optical image processing, , and optical communications . LG modes are characterized by an azimuthal index l and a radial index p .…”
Holography has been widely used in optical displays, high-security optical encryption, and optical artificial intelligence. Optical multiplexing technologies by utilizing various dimensions of light effectively expand the information capacity and density for holography. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel spatially structured-mode multiplexing holography with the assistance of deep learning algorithms. In the experiment, we utilize Hermite−Gaussian (HG) and Laguerre−Gaussian (LG) modes for example as decoding channels of various holographic images. The results prove that these spatial modes work well as a multiplexing dimension in addition to wavelength, polarization, and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light. In addition, by designing a specifically computed hologram, multiple spatial modes can be superposed together to compose a single decoding channel, which can significantly enhance the capacity and security for holographic encryption. Our work provides a promising scheme for high-capacity computational holography and information encryption.
“…The topological properties of light have been a subject of fascination and intense research interest over the last half century [1][2][3] with implications for light-matter interactions [4][5][6], nonlinear physics [7][8][9], spin-orbit coupling [10][11][12], microscopy and imaging [13][14][15], metrology [16], and information transfer [17][18][19]. Light pulses can be simultaneously structured in space and time domains [20][21][22][23][24].…”
Supertoroidal light pulses, as space-time nonseparable electromagnetic waves, provided unique super-resolution topological properties including skyrmionic configurations, fractal-like singularities, and energy backflow in free space, which however do not survive upon propagation. Here we introduce the nondiffracting supertoroidal pulses (NDSTPs), propagation-robust skyrmionic and vortex-ring field that endure the singular configurations over arbitrary propagation distances. Intriguingly, the field structure of NDSTPs has a strong similarity with a von Kármán vortex street, a pattern of swirling vortices in fluid and gas dynamics, as the "singing" of suspended telephone lines in wind. NDSTPs allow the study of the propagation dynamics of electromagnetic skyrmionic fields and will be of interest as directed energy channels for information transfer applications.
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