Diversification dynamics and transoceanic Eurasian-Australian disjunction in the genus Picris (Compositae) induced by the interplay of shifts in intrinsic/extrinsic traits and paleoclimatic oscillations

An empirical assessment of a single family‐wide hybrid capture locus set at multiple evolutionary timescales in Asteraceae

“…Clustering according to networks based on data sets containing non‐paralogous loci at the species complex level (and therefore more loci compared to at the tribe level; Table ) revealed a distant position of P. amalecitana from all other Picris species, in accordance with previous studies of Picris (Appendix ; Slovák et al., ). Supercontig alignments at the species complex level (Picris‐supercontig data set; Table ) contained markedly more alignments with higher percentages of PI loci (Fig.…”

“…, Appendix ). This is likely due to the recent origin of the lineage and hybridization, which is consistent with recent studies that uncovered extensive gene flow both within and between species (Slovák et al., ).…”

“…Topological inferences were inconsistent between the initial ML and ASTRAL analyses of the tribe‐exon‐complete data set described above, and we aimed to investigate the causes of this in the next steps. Specifically, P. amalecitana was resolved within the P. hieracioides species complex in the ML tree and outside of it in the ASTRAL tree; the latter was in accordance with previous studies on Picris (Appendix ; Slovák et al., ). Discordance may be caused by biological processes such as incomplete lineage sorting or hybridization; however, this can also be caused by erroneous gene tree estimation, which can lead to misleading species tree reconstructions (Mai and Mirarab, ).…”

“…However, the three P. hieracioides subspecies were each shown to be monophyletic based on AFLP data (Slovák et al., ) and according to plastid and nrITS data in Slovák et al. (), although sampling differed between the studies. In the present study, two individuals of P. hieracioides subsp.…”

“…): three at the tribe‐level containing 24 samples with 218 exons (complete and shrunken) and with 201 supercontigs (complete). For the P. hieracioides species complex–level analysis (nine samples; sensu Slovák et al., ), two of the data sets contained 610 exons (‐complete and ‐shrunken), the third data set contained 576 supercontigs, and the fourth and fifth data sets contained the 218 exons from the tribe‐wide data sets, but only consisting of the P. hieracioides species complex–level samples (‐complete and ‐shrunken; Table ).…”