Diversified Business Groups and the Transnationalisation of the Salvadorean Economy

Bull, Benedicte

doi:10.1017/s0022216x13000370

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…La clase empresarial salvadoreña se ha diversificado notablemente desde principios de la década de 1980, cuando fue dominada por la élite terrateniente. Las fuerzas patrocinadoras de ARENA se han ampliado para incluir una multitud de sectores de servicios, construcción, comercio, finanzas y manufactura, que operan en alianza con el capital multinacional (Towers y Borzutzky, 2004;Bull, 2013). Este cambio dentro de la élite del país ayudó a empujar al Estado a la mesa de negociaciones durante la guerra (Wood, 2000).…”

Section: La Guerra Civil Y Sus Legadosunclassified

El FMLN de El Salvador y las restricciones sobre el gobierno de izquierda

Young

2020

Cuadernos Inter.c.a.mbio

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Los acuerdos de paz de 1992 en El Salvador trajeron una versión superficial de la democracia que seguía sin responder en gran medida a la población. En el 2009, el partido de oposición de izquierda, el FMLN, ganó las elecciones presidenciales. Sin embargo, a pesar de ganar algunas reformas progresivas notables, no buscó, ni mucho menos logró, una ruptura radical de las políticas neoliberales de las administraciones anteriores. Con base en entrevistas personales y una revisión de fuentes periodísticas, encuestas, estudios académicos e informes oficiales y no gubernamentales, sostengo que el alejamiento del FMLN del socialismo revolucionario es atribuible a varios factores: un terreno político y mediático que todavía favorece a la derecha, la influencia continua del gobierno de los Estados Unidos y el control de los inversionistas privados sobre la economía. Estas fuerzas también ayudan a entender las limitaciones de gobiernos progresistas en otros países.

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Section: La Guerra Civil Y Sus Legadosunclassified

El FMLN de El Salvador y las restricciones sobre el gobierno de izquierda

Young

2020

Cuadernos Inter.c.a.mbio

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“…Las agrupaciones locales están casi ausentes del sector bancario en El Salvador después de la venta de todos los mayores bancos a las ET a mediados de la década de los 2000 (Bull, 2013b). Por su parte, en Honduras, se observa la concentración de instituciones financieras en un "puñado" de grupos, mientras que en Costa Rica los bancos estatales redujeron de forma considerable las posibilidades de expansión de los grupos locales; mientras que los nicaragüenses y guatemaltecos tienen mayor presencia en el sector financiero.…”

Section: Cambio De Sector: Diferenciación De Las Etunclassified

La transnacionalización de los grupos empresariales diversificados y el rostro cambiante de las élites económicas centroamericanas

Bull¹,

Kasahara

2017

AECA

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Este artículo presenta resultados de un estudio sobre las estrategias de los Grupos Empresariales Diversificados (GED) centroamericanos en frente a la globalización. Busca comprender cómo estos han cambiado en el proceso de integración económica en términos de su expansión al exterior, los sectores enfocados y su integración con las compañías transnacionales. Se plantea que, en general, los GED han cedido espacio para las grandes Compañías Transnacionales, a despecho de importantes excepciones y surgimiento de nuevos grupos. Sin embargo, mantienen su influenza por medio de sus redes de contactos nacionales y internacionales.Palabras clave: Grupos empresariales diversificados; élites económicas; transnacionalización; Centroamérica. AbstractThis article presents the results of study about the strategies of Central American diversified business groups (DBG) regarding globalization. It searches to understand how they have changed during the process of economic integration in terms of their internationalization, sectoral focus and integration with transnational companies. We argue that, in general, the DBG had lost terrain to transnational companies, despite important exception and the rise of new groups. However, they still maintain their influence through their contact networks at both the national and international level.

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“…However, the right wing was already split when the Funes government came into power, partially due to the prior transformation of El Salvador from an agroexport-to a service-based economy dependent on remittances from migrants in the USA. Although the old elite families diversified their portfolios to benefit from the new economy (Bull, 2013), the economic transformation also produced the ascendance of new economic elites that eventually challenged the old elite dominating the ARENA party. That resulted in the breakout of the GANA party (Gran Alianza por la Unidad Nacional) soon after the Funes government took power.…”

Section: Leftwing Governments Elite Circulation and Limitations To Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Rights, Pressures and Conservation in Forest Regions of Mexico

Merino¹

2016

Environmental Governance in Latin America

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Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world.Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Contents List of Figures and Tables viiPreface viii List of Contributors xi PrefaceThis book is the result of the collaborative research project Environmental Governance in Latin America (ENGOV) funded by the European Union (EU). For four years, a team of experts from ten Latin American and European academic institutions investigated how environmental governance is currently being shaped in Latin America. In this joint effort, we were driven by our concerns about widespread ecological degradation, poverty and injustice, as well as by our curiosity about the ways in which the emergence of new political regimes and elites, and innovative steps by communities and social organizations, affects governance practices and nature-society relations. To understand the possibilities and obstacles for sustainable and equitable natural resource use, a range of case-studies were carried out in Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Mexico. Although some of the research topics and cases are not included in this volume, their findings have contributed to the discussions and theoretical reflections in the overall analysis. The ENGOV project has been simultaneously challenging and inspiring. The theme of environmental governance is a huge academic enterprise because it addresses complex social relations, practices and views influencing how societies perceive nature and use natural resources. Combining methods and theories from different fields of the social sciences is a prerequisite which in practice is fairly demanding. Furthermore, by encompassing political, economic, cultural and environmental changes, formal as well as informal arrangements, and cross-scale connections, the study of environmental governance can easily become a 'mission impossible'. Arguably this is even more the case for contemporary Latin America, with its variety of local and national conditions facing rapid-paced changes. Finally, collaborating in an international research consortium of ten institutional partners and more than 25 researchers from different disciplines, schools of thought and generations has also proved to be both daring and rewarding. The fact that we spoke in different academic languages and idiom accents was not only a hurdle to tackle during our group discussions, but also forced us to learn from each other's approaches and convictions, and the foundations on which these are based. As a typical governance process, next viii Preface ix to misunderstandings, dissonances and unbridgeable differences, the exchange of different insights and perspectives proved to bring ab...

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Diversified Business Groups and the Transnationalisation of the Salvadorean Economy

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

El FMLN de El Salvador y las restricciones sobre el gobierno de izquierda

El FMLN de El Salvador y las restricciones sobre el gobierno de izquierda

La transnacionalización de los grupos empresariales diversificados y el rostro cambiante de las élites económicas centroamericanas

Rights, Pressures and Conservation in Forest Regions of Mexico

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