Diversity of metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese children and adolescents

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) variables in a group of spanish obese children and adolescents, to asses MS prevalence in this population and to describe it's relationship with other metabolic risk factors. 103 children were studied : 54 male and 49 female, mean age 10.08+/-2.3 with exogenous obesity. Obesity was defined when BMI was higher than the age and sex specific equivalent to 30 kg/m(2) in adults. MS variables considered were waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood triglycerides, fasting glucose/insulin and HDL-cholesterol. The children were considered as having the MS when three or more characteristics showed abnormal values according to Cook and De Ferranti definitions. HOMA index, ApoB and ApoA1 were studied too. The most frequent features of the metabolic syndrome were excess waist circumference and hypertension. The MS markers with the lowest frequency were dyslipidemia and fasting hyperglicemia. MS prevalence was 29,9% (Cook et al. criteria) and 50% (De Ferranti et al. criteria). Fasting insulin and HOMA index values increased significantly (p < 0.05) when three or more abnormalities of the MS variables were present. Apo B increased significantly only in females (p < 0.05) and Apo Al decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in both sexes when MS was present. Adequate metabolic syndrome risk factors criteria, mainly cut-off values, need to be defined in the European paediatric population.

Lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in European adolescents and its associations with gender, biological maturity and body fat—The HELENA Study

“…Most of the studies performed were focused on children and adolescents with obesity, diabetes mellitus or chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Levy et al, 2000;Glowinska et al, 2003;Bueno et al, 2006;Choi et al, 2006;Pinhas-Hamiel et al, 2007;Guven and Sanisoglu, 2008). Only the Spanish (Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Adolescents AVENA) cross-sectional study assessed age-and sex-specific serum lipid profiles in 581 healthy adolescents (Ruiz et al, 2006a, b), but its study population was limited to Spain.…”

Body fat distribution reference standards in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA Study

“…12 Waist circumference is also a central feature of the metabolic syndrome and several diagnostic criteria of the condition include this marker in the definition. 13 Waist circumference is also a good tool for the screening of total body fat and the metabolic syndrome. [14][15][16] There are reference standards for waist circumference in several countries such as Italy, 17 United Kingdom, 18 The…”

Metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents: a comparison of three different diagnostic criteria

“…Outros estudos também apresentaram maior prevalência de síndrome metabólica por de Ferranti do que por outros critérios [10][11][12][13] , o que pode ser explicado por seus valores de corte mais rigorosos para o perímetro abdominal, o HDL-C e os TG. O componente de maior prevalência na amostra, pelos três critérios diagnósticos, foi o perímetro abdominal, o que tem sido observado em vários estudos, independente do critério utilizado 9,11,[22][23][24] , devido à elevada relação entre obesidade abdominal e síndrome metabólica 12,25 .…”