Diversity partitioning during the Cambrian radiation

Lin, Na; Kiessling, Wolfgang

doi:10.1073/pnas.1424985112

Cited by 75 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The data were filtered to marine taxa and binned to geological stages as well the often used 10 myr bins . As the procedural treatment of stages in the Cambrian and Ordovician systems was influenced by considerable stratigraphic error, they were resolved using biozone and formation entries (Ordovician), and with data from previous analyses (Cambrian, Na & Kiessling 2015). In keeping with related literature (e.g.…”

Section: Data Processing and Applied Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The R package divDyn for quantifying diversity dynamics using fossil sampling data

Kocsis

Reddin²,

Alroy³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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1. Unbiased time series of diversity dynamics are vital for quantifying the grand history of life. Applications include identifying ancient mass extinctions and inferring both biotic and abiotic controls on diversification rates. 2. We introduce divDyn, a new R package that facilitates the calculation of taxonomic richness, extinction and origination rates from time-binned fossil sampling data. State-of-the-art sampling completeness metrics, counting protocols, and sampling standardisation functions permit the reconstruction of biologically meaningful time series. Additional functions permit the partitioning of turnover rates by trait and environmental affinity.3. We display Phanerozoic-scale diversity dynamics of marine invertebrates using the divDyn package. Using the core function and standard subsampling options, we revisit earlier assessments of declining extinction and origination rates over time and of equilibrial diversity dynamics to assess their methodological dependency. 4. The modular and fast implementation of published methods ensures traceability, reproducibility, and comparability of future studies.

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Section: Data Processing and Applied Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The R package divDyn for quantifying diversity dynamics using fossil sampling data

Kocsis

Reddin²,

Alroy³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Similar to other stratigraphic transitions, the Precambrian-Cambrian (PЄ-Є) transition is marked by a mass extinction of the Ediacaran (635-541 Ma) fauna (Laflamme et al, 2013). This was followed by a rapid diversification of metazoan life during the Cambrian (541-485 Ma; e.g., Na & Kiessling, 2015), commonly referred to as "Cambrian Explosion." While the actual developments during the Cambrian Explosion are well documented, potential causal relations with changes in paleoecology or possible geodynamic triggers for this event are still debated (Bengtson & Zhao, 1992;Dalziel, 2014;Filippelli, 2011;Fox, 2016;Sperling et al, 2015;X.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Similar to other stratigraphic transitions, the Precambrian‐Cambrian (PЄ‐Є) transition is marked by a mass extinction of the Ediacaran (635–541 Ma) fauna (Laflamme et al, ). This was followed by a rapid diversification of metazoan life during the Cambrian (541–485 Ma; e.g., Na & Kiessling, ), commonly referred to as “Cambrian Explosion.” While the actual developments during the Cambrian Explosion are well documented, potential causal relations with changes in paleoecology or possible geodynamic triggers for this event are still debated (Bengtson & Zhao, ; Dalziel, ; Filippelli, ; Fox, ; Sperling et al, ; X. Zhang et al, ). These may include both abiotic factors, such as changing seawater composition (in particular changes in dissolved Ca 2+ , salinity, and pH), nutrient availability, ocean circulation, enhanced weathering, and continental runoff, as well as biotic factors such as the onset of predation or profound changes in biomineralization and bioturbation (Bottjer, ; Brasier, ; Chen et al, ; Mills & Canfield, ; Ohnemüller, ; Smith & Harper, ; X. Zhang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiogenic Sr and Stable C and O Isotopes Across Precambrian‐Cambrian Transition in Marine Carbonatic Phosphorites of Malyi Karatau (Kazakhstan)—Implications for Paleo‐environmental Change

Stammeier

Hippler

Nebel

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Precambrian‐Cambrian (PЄ‐Є) transition is a unique period in Earth's history known for the “Cambrian Explosion.” Here we present a continuous radiogenic and stable isotope (87Sr/86Sr, δ13CVPDB, carb, and δ18OVPDB, carb) and elemental (including rare earth elements) record across the PЄ‐Є transition, preserved in phosphatic and carbonate shallow‐water deposits from two sections (Koksu and Kyrshabakty) in Kazakhstan. Microstructure, trace, and rare earth elements concentrations reflect near‐primary preservation. δ13CVPDB, carb data (−12.1‰ to 3.3‰) record formation conditions at a time of severe geodynamic changes. Negative δ13CVPDB, carb at the PЄ‐Є boundary resemble the Basal Cambrian Carbon Anomaly. Average δ18OVPDB, carb values of −11.7 ± 3.8‰ are suggested to represent near‐primary signals and can be explained by isotopically lighter past sea water and elevated temperature during precipitation compared to present‐day conditions. Initial 87Sr/86Sr of the carbonate and phosphate fraction are in the range of 0.7086–0.7112 at the Koksu section and 0.7082–0.7136 at the Kyrshabakty section. This is in general agreement with the seawater 87Sr/86Sr evolution during the Early Cambrian. In this study, we present a refined 87Sr/86Sr seawater evolution, highlighting an extreme positive Sr isotope excursion at the PЄ‐Є transition, which is suggested to be indicative for enhanced continental weathering and an increase in nutrient runoff into shallow ocean waters. This extreme geodynamic event may have served as a driving force for enhanced biologic activity in the lead up to the Cambrian Explosion, where phosphatic shallow‐water deposits from Kazakhstan constitute a valuable paleo‐environmental archive.

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“…The study of variations in faunal provinciality through geological time is of great significance in studying macroevolutionary patterns, with some studies suggesting that beta diversity may have had more influence than alpha diversity on changes in gamma diversity (Bambach, 1977;Sepkoski, 1988). Several studies have highlighted substantial changes in beta diversity coinciding with major radiations and mass extinctions (e.g., Button, Lloyd, Ezcurra, & Butler, 2017;Clapham, Shen, & Bottjer, 2009;Na & Kiessling, 2015;Sahney & Benton, 2008;Sahney, Benton, & Falcon-Lang, 2010;Sidor et al, 2013). When considering this, the impact of changes in relative abundance distributions on estimates of beta diversity in the fossil record is particularly concerning.…”

Section: Abundance and Beta Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for differences in species frequency distributions when calculating beta diversity in the fossil record

2018

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Beta diversity is a measure of the taxonomic differentiation between habitats/localities within an assemblage, and is normally calculated as a set of pairwise taxonomic “distances” between the localities. Due to incomplete sampling, beta diversity estimates for fossil assemblages will always be higher than the true value. However, the difference between the observed and true distances will vary greatly depending on differences in the shape of the relative abundance distribution. Using simulations, it is shown that incomplete sampling of a homogenous fauna with more even relative abundances of taxa produces higher beta diversity than one with very few extremely common taxa. A new procedure is proposed for calculating beta diversity in the fossil record, whereby the observed distances are compared to the distance obtained by randomly resampling a homogenous fauna with the same abundance distribution. This procedure is named Relative Abundance Corrected beta diversity. Simulations indicate that this method outperforms raw beta diversity estimates, providing beta diversity estimates closer to the true values even when the assumptions of the method are violated. This method is applied to an empirical dataset: Permian–Triassic tetrapods from the Karoo Supergroup of South Africa. Increased provincialism is found across the Permian–Triassic boundary in contrast to uncorrected beta diversity patterns.

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Diversity partitioning during the Cambrian radiation

Cited by 75 publications

References 72 publications

The R package divDyn for quantifying diversity dynamics using fossil sampling data

The R package divDyn for quantifying diversity dynamics using fossil sampling data

Radiogenic Sr and Stable C and O Isotopes Across Precambrian‐Cambrian Transition in Marine Carbonatic Phosphorites of Malyi Karatau (Kazakhstan)—Implications for Paleo‐environmental Change

Accounting for differences in species frequency distributions when calculating beta diversity in the fossil record

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