Diversity, Phylogeny, anticancer and antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes associated with Monarda citriodora L.

Abstract

BackgroundPresent study focuses on diversity and distribution analysis of endophytic fungi associated with different tissues of the Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. (Lamiaceae/Labiatae). Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of isolated endophytes have also been investigated.ResultsA total of twenty eight fungal endophytes belonging to 11 different genera were isolated from this plant. All the endophytic fungi belonged to the Ascomycota phylum. The leaves were immensely rich in fungal species, while roots showed the highest tissue specific fungal dominance. Out of 28 fungal species, 72% endophytic extracts were found cytotoxic against one or more human cancer cell lines. The most prominent anticancer activity (IC50 value <10 μg/mL) was shown by MC-14 L (Fusarium oxysporum), MC-14 F (F. oxysporum), MC-18 L (Aspergillus fumigatus), MC-24 L (Cladosporium tenuissimum), MC-25 L (Fusarium sp.), MC-26 F (F. oxysporum) extracts. 75% of the extracts showed antimicrobial activities in agar disc-diffusion assay and 27% in the tube dilution method (MIC <100 μg/mL) respectively against the tested pathogens. Extracts of MC-14 L (F. oxysporum) and MC-18 L (A. fumigatus) displayed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.ConclusionsThese results indicated that M. citriodora harbors a rich fungal endophytic community with anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The isolated endophyte MC-24 L (C. tenuissimum) has the potential to be a source of novel cytotoxic/antimicrobial compounds. This is the first report of diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from M. citriodora.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0961-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The chemical composition, antifungal, antioxidant and antimutagenicity properties of bioactive compounds from fungal endophytes associated with Thai orchids

“…Fusarium are a rich source of bioactive compounds (Wang et al, 2011), including ginkgolide B from Ginkgo biloba (Cui et al, 2012), some volatile organic compounds from Brassica napus with antipathogenic activities (Zhang et al, 2014) and some compounds of Monarda citriodora L. with anticancer and antimicrobial activities (Katoch, Phull, Vaid, & Singh, 2017). These findings regarding Fusarium were consistent with Strobel and Daisy (2003) (Revathi, Jeyaseelansenthinath, & Thirumalaikolundhusubramaian, 2004) and may play a role in the protection of the plant against oxidative stress (Torres et al, 2006).…”

“…Previous investigations have proved that fungi of the genus Fusarium are a rich source of bioactive compounds (Wang et al, ), including ginkgolide B from Ginkgo biloba (Cui et al, ), some volatile organic compounds from Brassica napus with antipathogenic activities (Zhang et al, ) and some compounds of Monarda citriodora L. with anticancer and antimicrobial activities (Katoch, Phull, Vaid, & Singh, ). These findings regarding Fusarium were consistent with Strobel and Daisy () who reported that Fusarium sp.…”

Fungal endophyte diversity in the leaves of the medicinal plant Myracrodruon urundeuva in a Brazilian dry tropical forest and their capacity to produce L-asparaginase

“…Verifying the diversity and enzymatic potential of endophytes from the medicinal plant Bauhinia forficata in Brazil, showed a Shannon-Wiener index value of 1.842 in leaves and 1.677-2.206 in other plant organs (sepals, seeds and stems). Verifying the diversity and anticancer and antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes associated with the medicinal plant Monarda citriodora in India, Katoch et al (2017) observed an index value of H′ = 2.890 in leaves, while the Fisher-Alpha index did not indicate the presence of diversity. These results indicate that the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of M. urundeuva is high and that it is influenced by the ecosystem in which the plant is collected.…”

Cytotoxicity of Metabolites Produced by Endophytic Fungus Cladosporium Sp. Isolated From Marine Macroalgae on In­vitro McF­7, Hela, and Du-145 Cell Lines

“…As it seems that algae and their endophytic microorganism would be a good source of biologically active secondary metabolites [2] which have long been produced as an adaptation for specific functions in nature [3]. Some researchers have been able to isolate endophytic Cladosporum from different plant and macroalgae [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Inr this study, endophytes Cladosporium sp.…”

“…The use of crude extracts of metabolite compounds produced by Cladosporium sp. has been shown to show anticancer activity [4]. Testing of several bioactive compounds successfully isolated from Cladosporium spp.…”