Diving and Subaquatic Medicine

Edmonds, Carl

doi:10.1201/b18700

Cited by 79 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…While the medical literature on cannabis use and diving may be clear that cannabis use typically marks a relative contra-indicator for diving [17,20], the findings of this study indicate that determining a diver's psychological suitability for dive work is not always as clear cut. In this regard, it is important to note, as we have highlighted in our discussion document "Psychological competency-to-dive: A primer" (available for download from the South African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association [http://www.sauhma.org/ psychological-fitness.htm] or on request from the researchers): "psychological performance and mental health [for diving] lies on a continuum… which makes it difficult to determine cut-off points that would guide clinical decision making" (p. 1) [30].…”

Section: Cannabis Use As a Contra-indicator To Dive? What Ton Tell Usmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…According to St. Leger Dowse et al [18] the "use of illicit drugs within the diving community is a subject of overdue open debate" (p. 9). The diving medical literature has treated the use of most (if not all) illicit substances by a diver as a potential (if not definitive) contra-indicator for diving [17]. A lack of research on the prevalence/patterns of illicit substance use within the diving community has meant that no conclusive pictures of illicit substance use by divers exist.…”

Section: Diving and Cannabis Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that cannabis has been shown to potentially "impair your concentration, your ability to think and make decisions, and your reaction time and coordination" (Potential impairment from cannabis use is also predicated on a number of other variables, such as, concentration of Δ 9 -THC, regularity of use, method of consumption, and other anthropometric factors associated with the user.) (p. 1) [12], its use has typically been a contra-indicator for safety-critical activities, such as driving [13][14][15][16], and safety-critical occupations, such as diving [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diving, cannabis use, and techniques of neutralisation: exploring how divers rationalise cannabis use

Martin

Wijk

Bowden

2019

International Maritime Health

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Background: Diving medicine literature often regards the use of cannabis as a potential contra-indicator for fitness to dive. With that said, there has been no empirical research done with cannabis-using divers to examine how they subjectively understand and construct the risks that their cannabis use may have on their diving. This study explored how cannabis-using divers rationalise the pejorative associations of cannabis use through rhetorical techniques of neutralisation (TON) that function to deny the risks that cannabis use may have on their diving. Materials and methods: Ten medically-fit professional divers from South Africa were individually interviewed. The interviews focussed on each diver's reported recreational use of cannabis. The interviews were transcribed and analysed through a framework for TON originally formulated by Sykes and Matza (1957). Results: Analysis revealed six primary TON employed to refute the pejorative associations of cannabis use on dive work, namely: 1. Denial of responsibility: which denies a diver's direct culpability for their cannabis use; 2. Denial of injury: which asserts that no (serious) harm results from a diver's cannabis use; 3. Denial of victim: which repudiates the potentially deleterious effects that cannabis use may have on a diver; 4. Condemnation of condemners: which minimises cannabis use in relation to other divers' unsafe diving practices; 5. Appeal to loyalties: which situates cannabis use within interpersonal networks to whom a diver has a "higher" allegiance; 6. Denial of penalty: which justifies cannabis use by virtue of a perceived lack of punitive action by a Diving Medical Examiner. Conclusions: The findings of this research highlight the TON which potentially inform a diver's cannabis use, particularly in relation to their diving. Identifying such TON carry important implications for the ways in which fitness to dive is assessed.

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Section: Cannabis Use As a Contra-indicator To Dive? What Ton Tell Usmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Diving and Cannabis Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diving, cannabis use, and techniques of neutralisation: exploring how divers rationalise cannabis use

Martin

Wijk

Bowden

2019

International Maritime Health

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“…Pressure is transmitted across the labyrinthine windows (oval and round) leading to inner ear hemorrhage, intralabyrinthine membrane tears affecting the Reissner's, tectorial or the basilar membranes, or can cause a tear of the labyrinthine windows, leading to perilymphatic fistula formation (PLF). Fifty percent are mixed cochlear and vestibular, 40% are isolated cochlear, and 10% isolated vestibular . The lifetime incidence of IEBT for recreational divers is 0.5%…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCUBA Medicine for otolaryngologists: Part I. Diving into SCUBA physiology and injury prevention

Mallen

Roberts

2019

The Laryngoscope

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Objectives: Introduce pertinent self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) physiology and corresponding terminology. Appreciate the scope of diving and related otolaryngological injury. Illustrate pathophysiologic mechanisms for diving injuries. Summarize strategies for ear, paranasal sinus, and lung barotrauma prevention, including medical optimization and autoinsufflation techniques.Methods: We conducted a review of the available medical and diving literature in English, German, Spanish, Italian Turkish, and French to determine the degree of evidence or lack thereof behind recommendations for treating SCUBA divers. The databases of PubMed, Ovid Medline, and the Cochrane library, as well available textbooks, were queried for relevant data.Results: Divers are subjected to large pressure gradients within the first few meters of descent. This can lead to gas embolism formation as well as barotrauma secondary to gas expansion/compression in potential closed spaces such as the middle ear, paranasal sinuses, and lungs. Physicians can minimize the risk of injury by counseling patients regarding proper equalization and descent/ascent techniques, and optimizing sinonasal and eustachian tube function. The use of decongestants is controversial.Conclusions: Diving is an increasingly popular sport with predominantly otolaryngologic manifestations of injury and disease. Treating SCUBA divers requires a firm understanding of how physiology is altered underwater. This review presents the relevant background information using illustrations to understand the environmental forces acting on divers and how to prevent injury.

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“…AGE is the term used for embolization of air from lungs as a result of overexpansion and rupture of pulmonary tissue by the air that is not exhaled during rapid ascent. That said, DCI is the term used for all diseases and conditions that can occur during decompression [2, 4]. …”

Section: Lettermentioning

confidence: 99%

Comments on unresponsive decompression illness case

Mirasoğlu

Aktaş

2018

j intensive care

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We have read the case report about a decompression sickness that was unresponsive to hyperbaric oxygen treatment in your journal. Presented case is intriguing; however, we think there are some contradictive issues in the discussion of the case. In this letter, we aim to comment on these issues that may raise further question. Bubble formation plays a very important role for decompression sickness, but proposed mechanism is incorrect as nitrogen does not change state during decompression. Use of terminology for diving-related diseases and comments on properties of helium may cause misunderstandings. Also importance of history of the dive in evaluating an accident should be emphasized.

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Diving and Subaquatic Medicine

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Diving, cannabis use, and techniques of neutralisation: exploring how divers rationalise cannabis use

Diving, cannabis use, and techniques of neutralisation: exploring how divers rationalise cannabis use

SCUBA Medicine for otolaryngologists: Part I. Diving into SCUBA physiology and injury prevention

Comments on unresponsive decompression illness case

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