DNA and oxidative damage induced in somatic organs and tissues of mouse by municipal sludge leachate

Abstract

Pollution by waste landfill leachate has prompted a number of studies on the toxic and potential health effects. This study assessed the genotoxicity of a municipal sludge leachate (MSL) in the somatic tissues (blood and bone marrow) and organs (liver, kidney, and spleen) of mice using the alkaline Comet assay. The possible cause of DNA damage via the study of antioxidant system (lipid peroxidation [LPO]; catalase [CAT]; reduced glutathione [GSH]; and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) responses in mouse liver was also investigated. Different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of the leachate were administered intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days to male Swiss albino mice (4 mice/group). A significant (p < 0.05) increase in DNA damage in organs and tissues of treated mice compared to the negative control was observed as evident from the Comet assay parameters: olive tail moment (OTM, arbitrary units) and tail DNA (%). Bone marrow showed maximum DNA damage followed by liver > spleen > kidney > blood as evident by the OTM. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in the level of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) and LPO with a concurrent decrease in GSH in the liver of treated mice was also observed. Our finding demonstrates that the MSL induces DNA damage in the somatic tissues and organs of mouse as well as induces oxidative stress in the liver. These tissues and organs may be the potential targets in animal and human populations exposed to MSL. This is of relevance to public health; as such exposure could lead to adverse health effects via systemic genotoxicity.

Differential expression of metallothionein-1 and cytochrome p450-2a5 (cyp2a5) in mice in response to lead acetate exposure and industrial effluents in Ibadan, Nigeria

“…Thus, heavy metals were considered to be the main inducer of MT expression in the present study. However, there is also the possibility of other components of WW bringing about MT expression, since previous reports have indicated that cellular and genetic toxicity could be induced by WWs (Bakare et al, 2012; Singh et al, 2007). Indeed, the present study suggests MT-1 upregulation, in particular, could be a quick indicator of acute toxicity and system pollution.…”

In Vivo Cytogenotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Electronic Waste Leachate and Contaminated Well Water

“…Li et al [54] and Bakare et al [55] reported that the possible mechanism of municipal landfill and sludge leachates induced genotoxicity and toxicity in mice was by oxidative damage. Similarly, oxidative stress was implicated in incinerated bottom ash and municipal landfill leachates induced toxicity and genotoxicity in plant test systems [56][57][58].…”

Resveratrol Protects Sepsis-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Liver and Kidney of Rats

“…The single-cell suspension from the liver and kidney tissue samples was prepared according to a standard procedure (21). Each organ (about 0.2 g) was gently placed in 1 mL cold HBSS containing 20 mM EDTA-Na 2 and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals; St. Louis, USA) in a petri plate and sliced into small parts using a steel scissor.…”