DNA aptamers as a novel approach to neutralize Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin

Aptamers against pathogenic microorganisms

“…Single cell detection in bacterial suspension.Chang et al (2013)  Whole live cellsDNAFlow cytofluorometry in biological samples.Cao et al (2009)  Potentiometric aptasensor based on carbon single-walled nanotubes. LOD is 800 CFU/ml in bacterial suspension and skin samplesZelada-Guillén et al (2012)  Simultaneous dual-color fluorescent detection of S. aureus and S. typhimurium using aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles LOD is 8 CFU/ml in bacterial suspensionDuan et al (2012a)  α-ToxinDNAInhibition of α-toxin-mediated cell death in Jurkat T cellsVivekananda et al (2014)  Enterotoxin BDNASpecific enterotoxin B detection in toxin-reach culture medium after cultivation of four different strains of S. aureus DeGrasse et al (2012)  Escherichia coli      OMPs of Crooks strainDNAFRET detection in bacterial suspensionBruno et al (2010)  Fimbriae protein of   K88 strainDNASandwich-type fluorescent assay LOD is 1.1 × 10 3  CFU/ml in pure culture and 2.1 × 10 3  CFU/ml in biological samplesPeng et al (2014)  DH5a strain whole live cells2′-F-RNAField transistor based on single-walled carbon nanotubes LOD is 310 CFU/ml in bacterial suspensionSo et al (2008)  Sandwich-type detection system LOD is 10 CFU/ml in suspension of two bacterial speciesLee et al (2009)  Potentiometric aptasensor LOD is 6 CFU/ml in milk and 26 CFU/ml in apple juice samplesZelada-Guillén et al (2010)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis      Whole live cells…”

“…To develop potential drugs against staphylococcal infections, DNA aptamers capable of recognizing the α-toxin of S. aureus were selected (Vivekananda et al, 2014). Aptamers АТ-27, АТ-33, АТ-36, and АТ-49 significantly inhibited α-toxin-mediated cell death in Jurkat T cells.…”

In vitro selection and characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid aptamers against connective tissue growth factor

“…Except for high affinities and specificities for their targets, aptamers have some prominent advantages over antibodies. For example, the simple SELEX method allows for the obtaining of non-immunological or toxic targets [18,19]; aptamers are synthesized chemically with little batch-tobatch variation, exempting the use of animals or cell lines for the production; aptamers can be easily modified to enhance the affinity and stability. Owning to their high specificity, aptamers can be used not only to determine the levels of the target molecules [20] but also to recognize very small structural changes in their target molecules [18].…”

Neutralization of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by an Aptamer Antagonist

“…To treat bacterial infection, functional aptamers have been selected to bind with antigens (25), toxins (26,27), drug-resistant enzymes (28), and cells (29) of pathogenic bacteria. Here, we report the creation of a functional aptamer that can inhibit SEB superantigen activity.…”