DNA barcoding and morphometric of Rastrelliger spp. in North Maluku Sea, Indonesia

Abstract

High exploration activity is feared to have an impact to mackerel populations. A sustainable management approach should be taken to provide information about the status of mackerel populations. Study of mackerel population status can be carried out through genetic information. The DNA of the fish samples were collected at traditional fish markets (Morotai, Bacan and Ternate). Laboratory works such as extraction, amplification, electrophoresis and DNA sequencing were analysis at the Indonesian Biodiversity Laboratory (Bionesia). The molecular characteristics of Rastrelliger kanagurta were 374 base pairs (bp). The composition of nucleotides showed the similarity of frequencies between species. Phylogenetic relationship of R. kanagurta in North Maluku Sea suggested that there was any differentiation. The genetic diversity of R. kanagurta was high with a total number of haplotypes and diverse nucleotide diversity. The minimum spawning networks (MSN) found 5 haplotype networks from a total of 12 samples. Morphological measurements of standard length, head height, body width, pectoral fin length and tail were found to have variable values. The length of the weight of the fish is obtained of b = 3, indicating that the growth pattern was isometric or weight gain was equivalent to the growth of the fish length.Keywords: Biodiversity, conservation, ecology, morphology, species

Phylogenetic and structure genetic of Rastrelliger sp in north Maluku Sea, Indonesia

“…DNA sequencing method with primer CRK-CRE. Research location R. kanagurta, primer data (Ternate, Morotai and Bacan) and secondary data (Indian) [22] .…”

“…Research on fish genetics in Indonesia has been carried out including genetic studies of populations of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in Benoa Bali [9] , kandra fish (Torsoro) originating from North Sumatra and west Java Provinces [10] , red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) originating from several fishing areas on the North Coast of Java and the eastern part of the Java Sea [11] , yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) from the areas of Bali, North Maluku and North Sulawesi [12] , The same research has also been carried out, where fish samples were taken from Spain and the Philippines [13] , Betutu fish from the Brebes Penjalin reservoir [14] , study of the population structure of the bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean of west Sumatra, South Java and Nusa Tenggara [15] , on the genetic diversity of yellowfin tuna from two populations in the Maluku Sea, Indonesia [5] , the preliminary study of yellowfin tuna populations from two populations in the Maluku Sea, Indonesia [16] , molecular phylogenetics of grouper genus Epinephelus from collections from traditional markets [17] , genetic variants of Sardinella lemuru in the Bali Strait sea [18] , genetic and phylogenetic variations of yellowfin tuna as the basis for sustainable fisheries management in north Maluku [19] , genetic diversity of mackerel scads, decapterus macarellus [20] in the Indian Ocean, about morphometric and genetic identification of Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) [21] collected from Muara Baru fish market, Jakarta and about DNA barcoding and morphometric of Rastrelliger sp [22] in north Maluku Sea, Indonesia.…”