DNA barcoding of six Ceroplastes species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) from China

Abstract

Ceroplastes Gray (wax scales) is one of the genera of Coccidae, most species of which are considered to be serious economic pests. However, identification of Ceroplastes species is always difficult owing to the shortage of easily distinguishable morphological characters. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences (or DNA barcodes) and the D2 expansion segments of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene 28S were used for accurate identification of six Ceroplastes species (C. floridensis Comstock, C. japonicus Green, C. ceriferus (Fabricius), C. pseudoceriferus Green, C. rubens Maskell and C. kunmingensis Tang et Xie) from 20 different locations in China. For COI data, low G·C content was found in all species, averaging about 20.4%. Sequence divergences (K2P) between congeneric species averaged 12.19%, while intra-specific divergences averaged 0.42%. All 112 samples fell into six reciprocally monophyletic clades in the COI neighbour-joining (NJ) tree. The NJ tree inferred from 28S showed almost same results, but samples of two closely related species, C. ceriferus and C. pseudoceriferus, were clustered together. This research indicates that the standard barcode region of COI can efficiently identify similar Ceroplastes species. This study provides an example of the usefulness of barcoding for Ceroplastes identification.

Morphological and molecular identification of acridid grasshoppers (Acrididae: Orthoptera) from Poonch division, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan

“…The selected DNA sequence precisely separates the species on the basis of interspecific and intraspecific variations (Matz & Nielsen 2005). Barcoding has helped in resolving cryptic species complexes (Burns et al 2007;Deng et al 2012) and performing ecological studies on various animal phyla (Valentini et al 2009). The generated data is also being used to construct barcode reference libraries for identification of unknowns by matching sequences with the known species (Guralnick & Hill 2009;Janzen et al 2009).…”

Genetic diversity of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Chile

“…However, we noticed that the COI sequences gave more relevant information for the delineation of the Ceroplastes species as observed by Deng et al . 17 on six Ceroplastes species from China. For COI, we obtained for each species one distinct haplotype while for 28S only two species were successfully sequenced.…”

“…3A) and congruent with the average intraspecific distance (12.2%) found by Deng et al . 17 . Overall, the combination of these COI and 28S markers has repeatedly proved useful for routine identification and DNA barcoding of Coccidae, Diaspididae and Pseudococcidae 13, 15, 32 , with 28S providing high rates of successful PCR and signal to easily distinguish most species and COI providing more polymorphism to distinguish closely related species and feed large DNA-barcodes databases relying on the COI Folmer region.…”

“…In this context, the use of DNA barcoding has gradually increased over the last decade, as a means of disentangling complexes of cryptic species and surveying the biodiversity occurring in various regions of the world 8, 9 . Studies have been performed on the Diaspididae 10–12 , Pseudococcidae 12–16 and Coccidae 3, 17 . Phylogenetic studies have also provided useful information for the barcoding of scale insects 18, 19 .…”

<I>Pseudococcus maritimus</I> (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and <I>Parthenolecanium corni</I> (Hemiptera: Coccidae) Are Capable of Transmitting Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Between <I>Vitis</I> x <I>labruscana</I> and <I>Vitis vinifera</I>

“…maritimus from Washington State were taken from established colonies and stored at Washington State UniversityÕs Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center (Prosser, WA). Sequence data were obtained from the COI region of both species by using primers designed by Daane et al (2011) and Deng et al (2012) (Table 1) to complement the morphological data. Because of the difÞculty in using morphological characters for species-level identiÞcation in the Coccoidea, a result of high levels of morphological variation even within species, sequence data were analyzed to ensure species identity.…”