DNA Damage in Human Amniotic Cells: Antigenotoxic Potential of Curcumin and α-Lipoic Acid

Abstract

Oxidative imbalances in the gestational phase are responsible for certain complications during pregnancy and for foetal and neonatal genetic disorders. In this work, using human amniocytes, we aimed to evaluate the protection provided to foetal DNA by two concentrations of antioxidant molecules, α-lipoic acid (LA) and curcumin (Cur), against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage. Genotoxicity tests, performed by the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique and TUNEL tests, showed that the lowest concentration of LA-protected cells and DNA from H2O2 insults. However, a greater ability to protect the amniocytes’ DNA against H2O2 was observed following co-treatment with the highest concentration of Cur with H2O2. In fact, a genomic template stability (GTS%) similar to that of the negative control and a statistically significant reduction in the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were revealed. Moreover, following a combined treatment with both antioxidants and H2O2, no statistical difference from controls was observed, in terms of both induced mutations and DNA breaks. Furthermore, no effect on morphology or cell viability was observed. The results demonstrate the ability of LA and Cur to protect the genetic material of amniocytes against genotoxic insults, suggesting their beneficial effects in pathologies related to oxidative stress.

α-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Apoptosis by Suppressing the Loss of Ku Proteins in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

“…As α-LA has a powerful antioxidant property, it reduces ROS and thus prevents ROS-mediated DNA damage in vitro and in vivo [ 39 , 40 ]. In addition, α-LA reduces the levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), a biomarker of oxidative damage, in calf thymus models of oxidative DNA damage in vitro [ 59 ].…”

“…Owing to its powerful antioxidant properties, α-LA has recently been highlighted as a potential treatment for various diseases such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer disease, and many types of cancer [ 37 , 38 ]. α-LA protects human amniotic cells and DNA from hydrogen peroxide [ 39 ], and as well as the rat hippocampus against developing ethanol-induced DNA damage [ 40 ]. However, the precise mechanism through which α-LA protects cells against DNA damage remains unclear.…”

Cecal Metabolomic Fingerprint of Unscathed Rats: Does It Reflect the Good Response to a Provocative Decompression?

“…(\xB1)-a-Lipoic acid (ALA) levels are about five times higher among divers compared to controls of maize-fed rats, while it increases a little less than double in the soy-fed rats. ALA can modifies the epigenetic regulation of DNA structure at the histone proteins level ( Bassett and Barnett, 2014 ) and has antigenotoxic effect H 2 O 2 -induced ( Mottola et al, 2021 ). ALA has antioxidant activity and anti-inflammation properties ( Rochette et al, 2013 ; Bao et al, 2015 ; Moos et al, 2016 ), because of its role in the glutathione reaction ( Rochette et al, 2013 ).…”

Riboceine Rescues Auranofin-Induced Craniofacial Defects in Zebrafish

“…It is important to note that ROS are crucial in normal embryonic development driving normal cell proliferation and differentiation [ 9 , 45 ] and that antioxidant treatment can also be toxic [ 46 ]. NCCs, in particular, are extremely sensitive to any perturbation of ROS given their increased oxidative state and contribute to many cellular fates, including chondrocytes, melanocytes, neurons and cardiac cells [ 47 ]; thus, systemic treatment with RBC and reduction of ROS might be detrimental in certain cellular contexts that were not assessed here.…”