DNA Damage Repair and Current Therapeutic Approaches in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Wang, Menghui; Xie, Chuan

doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.931866

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…DNA damage repair mechanisms include base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR), and homologous recombination (HR). These mechanisms identify and correct DNA damage caused by multiple factors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), radiation, and chemicals ( 31 , 32 ). DNA damage repair, not only removes the damaged cells but also assists in drug resistance ( Figure 2 ) ( 33 , 34 ).…”

Section: Tcm Reverses the Chemoresistance Of Crc And Inhibits Tumor G...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine as sensitizer in reversing chemoresistance of colorectal cancer

Lin

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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In recent years, the incidences and mortalities from colorectal cancer (CRC) have been increasing; therefore, there is an urgent need to discover newer drugs that enhance drug sensitivity and reverse drug tolerance in CRC treatment. With this view, the current study focuses on understanding the mechanism of CRC chemoresistance to the drug as well as exploring the potential of different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in restoring the sensitivity of CRC to chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, the mechanism involved in restoring sensitivity, such as by acting on the target of traditional chemical drugs, assisting drug activation, increasing intracellular accumulation of anticancer drugs, improving tumor microenvironment, relieving immunosuppression, and erasing reversible modification like methylation, have been thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the effect of TCM along with anticancer drugs in reducing toxicity, increasing efficiency, mediating new ways of cell death, and effectively blocking the drug resistance mechanism has been studied. We aimed to explore the potential of TCM as a sensitizer of anti-CRC drugs for the development of a new natural, less-toxic, and highly effective sensitizer to CRC chemoresistance.

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Section: Tcm Reverses the Chemoresistance Of Crc And Inhibits Tumor G...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine as sensitizer in reversing chemoresistance of colorectal cancer

Lin

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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“…Normal and cancer cells have the ability to sense DNA damage and initiate DNA damage repair, the DNA damage response. The DNA damage response plays an important role in sensing DNA double-strand breaks, inducing cell cycle arrest, and initiating DNA repair (Wang and Xie, 2022). The DNA damage response manifests as a signaling cascade in which DNA-damaging factors first activate telangiectatic ataxia mutant factors, which subsequently activate cellular checkpoint kinases, phosphorylate histone 2A variants, and inhibit cell entry into S and M phases, leading to cell cycle arrest and initiation of damage repair to maintain genome stability.…”

Section: Regulation Of Dna Damage By Ncrnas In Gc Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations into the impact of non-coding RNA on the sensitivity of gastric cancer to radiotherapy

Usman

Beilerli²,

Sufianov³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a newly discovered functional RNA different from messenger RNA, which can participate in regulating the occurrence and development of tumors. More and more research results show that ncRNAs can participate in the regulation of gastric cancer (GC) radiotherapy response, and its mechanism may be related to its effect on DNA damage repair, gastric cancer cell stemness, cell apoptosis, activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway, etc. This article summarizes the relevant mechanisms of ncRNAs regulating the response to radiotherapy in gastric cancer, which will be directly important for the introduction of ncRNAs particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) into clinical medicine as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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“…Likewise, hypermethylation of the XRCC1 gene promoter was found to be linked to loss of protein expression [134]. The XRCC1 protein is the key enzyme of the BER pathway, which recognizes DNA SSBs, binds to the DNA, and recruits other components of the repair pathway, such as PARP1 [19,134]. Thus, XRCC1 promoter hypermethylation can cause an increase in DNA damage and the accumulation of genetic abnormalities [134].…”

Section: Effects Of Promoter Methylation On the Expression Of Major D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methylation is a crucial histone PTM involved in DDR and can also regulate nonhistone DDR proteins, thereby orchestrating DNA repair [18]. Several signaling cascades and over 450 related proteins are involved in DDR processes [19], with the repair pathway depending on the nature of the damage [20]. Single-strand breaks (SSBs) can be repaired by various mechanisms, including mismatch repair (MMR), base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and direct repair [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone and DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Regulators of DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities

De Marco,

Sanese,

Simone

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is a heterogeneous disease developing from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. One of the most critical epigenetic alterations in GC is DNA and histone methylation, which affects multiple processes in the cell nucleus, including gene expression and DNA damage repair (DDR). Indeed, the aberrant expression of histone methyltransferases and demethylases influences chromatin accessibility to the DNA repair machinery; moreover, overexpression of DNA methyltransferases results in promoter hypermethylation, which can suppress the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair. Several DDR mechanisms have been recognized so far, with homologous recombination (HR) being the main pathway involved in the repair of double-strand breaks. An increasing number of defective HR genes are emerging in GC, resulting in the identification of important determinants of therapeutic response to DDR inhibitors. This review describes how both histone and DNA methylation affect DDR in the context of GC and discusses how alterations in DDR can help identify new molecular targets to devise more effective therapeutic strategies for GC, with a particular focus on HR-deficient tumors.

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DNA Damage Repair and Current Therapeutic Approaches in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 102 publications

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine as sensitizer in reversing chemoresistance of colorectal cancer

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine as sensitizer in reversing chemoresistance of colorectal cancer

Investigations into the impact of non-coding RNA on the sensitivity of gastric cancer to radiotherapy

Histone and DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Regulators of DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities

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