“…Up to now, carbon materials including carbon paste, graphite, glassy carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and screen-printed electrodes been widely used for the nucleic acid research and electrochemical detection due to their several advantages such as easy handle, renewable, cheap, convenient and disposable in coming commercial uses . Various metals or metal oxides such as gold [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96], platinum [97,98], silver [99][100][101] and indium tin oxide [102,103] etc have also been used in this filed.…”