Do arsenic levels in rice pose a health risk to the UK population?

Menon, Manoj; Sarkar, Binoy; Hufton, Joseph; Reynolds, Christian; Reina, Saul Vazquez; Young, Scott D.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110601

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In our analysis, significant differences in As, Cd, and Pb content in some whole grain subgroups compared to products from polished grains were observed. In addition, similar observations were reported in Menon et al [ 30 ], Lin et al [ 34 ], and Punshon and Jackson [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The latest study by Menon et al [ 30 ] showed that As content in organically and non-organically cultivated rice differed statistically. The researchers observed this difference in the samples of white ( p < 0.001) and brown rice ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EDI values of iAs exposure for males and females were 0.0019 mg/day and 0.0020 mg/day, respectively. Furthermore, the THQ for iAs was found to be 0.09 for females and slightly lower (0.8) for males [ 30 ]. In this study, the EDI for As was estimated at 0.00062 mg/day, which was higher than in Menon et al [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the THQ for iAs was found to be 0.09 for females and slightly lower (0.8) for males [ 30 ]. In this study, the EDI for As was estimated at 0.00062 mg/day, which was higher than in Menon et al [ 30 ]. However, we did not measure iAs content and there is a lack of information about the average rice consumption in Poland according to gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Content of Toxic Elements in 12 Groups of Rice Products Available on Polish Market: Human Health Risk Assessment

Bielecka¹,

Markiewicz‐Żukowska²,

Nowakowski³

et al. 2020

Foods

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Background: Rice is one of the most commonly consumed grains. It could be a good source of nutrients in a diet, but its consumption could also contribute to exposure to toxic elements. All rice products available on the Polish market are imported, which may pose a particular concern as to the safety of their consumption. The aim of our study was to estimate the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in rice products and to assess the health risk indicators related to exposure to toxic elements consumed with rice products among the adult population in Poland. Methods: A total of 99 samples from 12 groups of rice products (basmati, black, brown, parboiled, red, wild, white rice and expanded rice, rice flakes, flour, pasta, and waffles) available in the Polish market were obtained. The content of Hg was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS). To measure As, Cd, and Pb, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used. The health risk was assessed by calculating several indicators. Results: The average As, Cd, Pb, and Hg contents in all studied products were 123.5 ± 77.1 μg/kg, 25.7 ± 26.5 μg/kg, 37.5 ± 29.3 μg/kg, and 2.8 ± 2.6 μg/kg, respectively. Exceedance of the limit established by the Polish National Food Safety Standard was observed in one sample as regards the As content and exceedance of the European Commission standard in two samples for Hg. The samples of foods imported from European markets (n = 27) had statistically higher As content (p < 0.05) than those imported from Asian countries (n = 53). The values of health risk indicators did not show an increased risk for the Polish adult population. However, the daily intake of 55 g of rice corresponds to the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for Pb. Conclusion: The studied rice products could be regarded as safe for consumption by the Polish population as far as the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg is concerned.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Content of Toxic Elements in 12 Groups of Rice Products Available on Polish Market: Human Health Risk Assessment

Bielecka¹,

Markiewicz‐Żukowska²,

Nowakowski³

et al. 2020

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In 2012, a Consumer Reports analysis raised public awareness of the issue by showing that nearly all of 65 types of rice and rice products tested contained arsenicmany of them at concerning levels (3). In 2020, a team of researchers in the United Kingdom found that of 55 samples of commercial rice sold in the UK, more than half exceeded the European Commission's limit for inorganic arsenic levels suitable for infant food or direct feeding to infants (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%