Do clinical features relate to theory of mind, empathy and 2D:4D in schizophrenia?

Akgül, Özge; Küçükçoban, Onur; Bora, Emre; Alptekın, Köksal; Akdede, Berna Binnur

doi:10.1080/24750573.2017.1373725

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This task has been utilized very widely in many fMRI studies (310, 311, 319–324) and as an outcome measure in clinical experimental trials (227, 325–334). Atypical performance can be detected in association with childhood adverse experiences (335, 336) and patient groups with schizophrenia (210, 337–342), Parkinson’s disease (343), bipolar disorder and depression (344, 345), methamphetamine users with psychosis (346), frontotemporal dementia (347), ASD (348, 349), epilepsy (350), Huntington’s disease (183, 184, 351, 352), Tourette syndrome (100), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (353), and cerebellar tumor (354). However, some clinical samples demonstrate no impairment [bipolar disorder: Ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do You Have in Mind? Measures to Assess Mental State Reasoning in Neuropsychiatric Populations

Eddy

2019

Front. Psychiatry

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Social interaction is closely associated with both functional capacity and well-being. Previous research has not only revealed evidence of social dysfunction in individuals with a wide range of psychiatric and neurological disorders but also generated an abundance of potential measures for assessing social cognition. This review explores the most popular measures used within neuropsychiatric populations to investigate the ability to recognize or reason about the mental states of others. Measures are also critically analyzed in terms of strengths and limitations to aid task selection in future clinical studies. The most frequently applied assessment tools use verbal, visual or audiovisual forms of presentation and assess recognition of mental states from facial features, self-rated empathy, the understanding of other’s cognitive mental states such as beliefs and intentions, or the ability to combine knowledge of other’s thoughts and emotions in order to understand subtle communications or socially inappropriate behavior. Key weaknesses of previous research include limited investigation of relationships with clinical symptoms, and underutilization of measures of everyday social functioning that offer a useful counterpart to traditional “lab” tasks. Future studies should aim to carefully select measures not only based on the range of skills to be assessed but also taking into account potential difficulties with interpretation and the need to gain insight into the application of social cognitive skills as well as ability per se . Some of the best measures include those with well-matched control trials (e.g., Yoni Task) or those that restrict the influence of verbal deficits (e.g., intentions comic strip task), elicit spontaneous mentalizing (e.g., Animations Task), and possess greater ecological validity (e.g., Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition). Social cognitive research within psychiatric populations will be further enhanced through the development of more closely matched control tasks, and the exploration of relationships between task performance, medication, strategy use, and broader emotional and motor functions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do You Have in Mind? Measures to Assess Mental State Reasoning in Neuropsychiatric Populations

Eddy

2019

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Half of the studies were conducted in Asia, and particularly two in India [ 52 , 53 ], one in China [ 54 ], and one in Singapore [ 55 ]. Moreover, two studies were conducted in Turkey [ 56 , 57 ], one in Spain [ 58 ], and one in Germany [ 22 ]. All participants were adults with mean ages ranging from 22 [ 57 ] to 47 [ 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of Case-control Studies

Fusar-Poli

Rodolico

Sturiale

et al. 2021

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

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The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is an indirect, retrospective, non-invasive measure that correlates negatively with intrauterine exposure to testosterone. The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate if 2D:4D differs between patients with psychiatric disorders and controls. In September 2019, we searched in Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINHAL, and retrieved 619 papers. We finally included 43 case-control studies which compared the 2D:4D ratio of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 16), schizophrenia (n = 8), gender non-conformity (n = 7), addictions (n = 5), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 4), mood disorders (n = 2), and intellectual disability (n = 1) to non-clinical controls. Meta-analyses showed that, overall, psychiatric patients had lower 2D:4D than healthy controls (n = 43, overall sample = 9,484, mean difference = −0.0056, 95% confidence interval from −0.0093 to −0.002, I 2 = 74%), with more pronounced differences in the right hand, males, and children. Considering psychiatric disorders individually, significant differences were found in the ASD, ADHD, and addictions groups, in which 2D:4D was significantly lower than healthy controls. Conversely, the right hand of males with schizophrenia showed higher 2D:4D than healthy controls. No other significant differences were detected. Although our results need to be cautiously interpreted and find limited applications in clinical practice, they may suggest that 2D:4D is altered in some psychopathological conditions, underlining the role of prenatal exposure to sex steroids in the etiology of psychiatric disorders.

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“…Hence, we speculate that reduced motivation might be a potential psychological mechanism underlying this robust link between anhedonia and empathy. Considering negative symptoms were correlated with reduced cognitive and affective empathy in patients with schizophrenia (Akgul et al, 2017; Shamay‐Tsoory et al, 2007; Smith et al, 2014), future studies should further explore the role of motivation using an experimental paradigm in clinical and nonclinical samples for a better understanding of empathic deficits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between schizotypy and empathy

2022

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Schizotypy is a set of personality traits existing in the general population that represents vulnerability for developing psychosis. Previous studies have suggested that negative schizotypy correlates with empathy, but mixed results have been shown for positive schizotypy. The present study aimed to explore the potential mediating role of emotion regulation upon schizotypy and empathy. The valid sample consisted of 595 college students who completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Chapman Psychosis Proneness Scales. Pearson correlations between schizotypy, emotion regulation, and empathy were performed to build potential mediating models. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap analyses were used to examine the mediation effects of emotion regulation. Our results showed that negative schizotypy was correlated with both cognitive and affective empathy whereas positive schizotypy only correlated with the Fantasy and Personal Distress subscales after multiple comparisons corrections. The Cognitive Reappraisal subscale of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was positively correlated with empathy whereas the Expressive Suppression subscale was negatively associated with affective empathy. More importantly, there was a significant mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal on the relationship between negative schizotypy and cognitive empathy. Our findings suggest that a higher level of negative schizotypy is associated with poorer cognitive and affective empathy, and cognitive reappraisal may mediate the effect of negative schizotypy on cognitive empathy. These findings highlight the optimal usage of cognitive reappraisal in social interactions, and may help to improve empathy, especially for individuals with a high level of negative schizotypy.

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Do clinical features relate to theory of mind, empathy and 2D:4D in schizophrenia?

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

What Do You Have in Mind? Measures to Assess Mental State Reasoning in Neuropsychiatric Populations

What Do You Have in Mind? Measures to Assess Mental State Reasoning in Neuropsychiatric Populations

Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of Case-control Studies

Mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between schizotypy and empathy

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