Do ectoparasites on fish gills “talk” with gut microbiota far away?

Wang, Lin; Zhang, Defeng; Xie, Jun; Chang, Ouqin; Wang, Qing; Shi, Chao; Zhao, Fei; Gong, Hua; Ren, Yan-Fang; Musa, Najiah; Lee, Kok Leong; Pan, Houjun

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738880

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The present study found an increase in spleen activities of lysozyme and ALP in fish intensely affected by the ectoparasite, while no significant effects were evident if the infection was low, suggesting that it was not enough to activate a systemic response. A previous work reported that grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idellus) infected by the monogenean ectoparasite Dactylogyrus lamellatus induced significant histological alterations in the spleen of the severely infected fish [61]. Also, the expression of immunerelated genes-MHCII, MyD88, TLR3 and IgM-was significantly up-regulated in the spleen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Immune and Oxidative Stress Response of the Fish Xyrichthys novacula Infected with the Trematode Ectoparasite Scaphanocephalus sp. in the Balearic Islands

Cohen-Sánchez,

Sánchez-Mairata,

Valencia

et al. 2023

Fishes

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Global change produces substantial modification to the distribution and rhythm of infection of diseases in fish, favouring the introduction of new pathogens. Recently, the presence of black spot disease, associated with a digenean fluke of the genus Scaphanocephalus, has been observed in specimens of Xyrichthys novacula on the island of Ibiza (Balearic Islands). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and immune response in both the skin mucus and spleen of X. novacula depending on the degree of infection by Scaphanocephalus sp. The specimens were captured in a control area, without the presence of the parasite, and in an affected area, classifying the fish as low infection (1–15 spots) and high infection (>15 spots). As the degree of infection increased, a decrease in the body condition index was observed. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the mucus—catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase—increased progressively with the degree of infection. This activation of antioxidant defences was not enough to prevent an increase in malondialdehyde levels, an indicator of oxidative damage, in the group with the highest infection. Similarly, an increase in immunological parameters—lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase and immunoglobulins—was observed in mucus as infection increased. Regarding the spleen, only an increase in lysozyme activity and alkaline phosphatase in fish with a greater severity of infection was observed. In conclusion, as the severity of Scaphanocephalus sp. infection increased, it induced an immune and oxidative stress response in skin mucus, leading to a decrease in overall body condition. The potential health effects that the ectoparasite may have on X. novacula populations will require follow-up studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Immune and Oxidative Stress Response of the Fish Xyrichthys novacula Infected with the Trematode Ectoparasite Scaphanocephalus sp. in the Balearic Islands

Cohen-Sánchez,

Sánchez-Mairata,

Valencia

et al. 2023

Fishes

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“…Dermal ulcers were noticed on the external body surfaces of some fish. The relationships between parasites, gut microbiota, and host by (22) who conducted research on ectoparasites Dactylogyrus lamellatus on the gills of the grass caused a change in the gut microbiota, as well as histological alterations and immunological responses. Carp ectoparasite-microbiota-host interactions suggest that fish ectoparasites likely possess distant communication capabilities with the intestinal microorganisms of their hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Ectoparasites infestation for fresh and saltwater Fishes from Euphrates, and Razzaza Lake, Iraq

JAWAD,

ALALİ,

AL‑KHATEEB

et al. 2023

Bozok Veterinary Sciences

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Parasitic infestations represent one of the main challenges to fresh water and marine fish all areas of the world. The infections are commonly found on the skin and gills of fish and can cause dangerous problems, as mortality, in heavily parasitized infections. This study was conducted to detect of ectoparasite types in Fishes, 200 of Coptodon zillii from Euphrates and 120 Cyprinus carpio from Razzaza Lake, were used for this study in aquatic environment. The specimens were purchased at 2022 in different periods from market and selected. The collection of fish using gill nets. The collected of fish samples was carried out in lab and used macroscopic inspection, gross viscera, microscopic exam-wet mount of fins, skin, gills and eyes. The results of the both infected fishes revealed the presence of several clinical signs. The prevalence was 65.6%, in Coptodon zillii was 30% and Cyprinus carpio was 100%. Indeed, we observed the appearance of necrotic areas, ulcerations and hemorrhage on the gills. On others body parts, we found Protozoa and Monogeneans parasites. The identification of ectoparasite were obtained in fins, skin, and gills and no infection in eyes. There are 4 types of ectoparasites were infect to Coptodon zillii, that is Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis sp., Dactylogyrus sp., and Gyrodactylus sp. While, Cyprinus carpio that is I. multifiliis and Gyrodactylus sp. Significantly of results at P≤0.05 of fish type with weight and long but not significant for genders in both types. In future studies should be focusing on modern tools to identification of parasites species in different environments.

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“…Further studies on how parasites and bacteria co-interact with host may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of disease. Could there be similarity with the probable remote “talk” between gill monogenean, Dactylogyrus lamellatus and host intestinal microbiota ( 2 )?…”

Section: Bacteria-parasite Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%