Do pediatric medicines induce topographic changes in dental enamel?

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of common pediatric liquid medicines on surface roughness and tooth structure loss and to evaluate the pH values of these medicines at room and cold temperatures in vitro. Eighty-four bovine enamel blocks were divided into seven groups (n = 12): G1-Aliviumand G7-Milli-Q water (negative control). The pH was determined and the samples were immersed in each treatment 3x/day for 5 min. 3D non-contact profilometry was used to determine surface roughness (linear Ra, volumetric Sa) and the Gap formed between treated and control areas in each block. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were also performed. The majority of liquid medicines had pH ≤ 5.50. G1, G4, and G5 showed alterations in Ra when compared with G7 (p < 0.05). According to Sa and Gap results, only G5 was different from G7 (p < 0.05). Alteration in surface was more evident in G5 SEM images. EDS revealed high concentrations of carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, and calcium in all tested groups. Despite the low pH values of all evaluated medicines, only Alivium

Fluoride Varnishes against Dental Erosion Caused by Soft Drink Combined with Pediatric Liquid Medicine

“…and exposed enamel surface besides the increased surface roughness. The present study provides additional data to our previous study (17), which evaluated the effect of NaF and CPP-ACP/NaF varnishes to inhibit tooth structure loss and alterations in surface roughness after consumption of soft drinks and after pediatric liquid medicine plus soft drink erosion. Based on those previous results (17), Claritin® was chosen to simulate the erosive effects of acid drug and (E) G2 and G5= CPP-ACP/NaF varnish, (C) and (F) G3 and G6= DD water (negative control).…”

“…Other in vitro studies have also demonstrated that Claritin® may reduce enamel hardness (18)(19)(20) and increase surface roughness (17). In the present study, the varnishes were applied once and removed after 6 h of application to simulate the clinical condition, since the emphasis was allowing the chemical effect of the varnish components, rather than the mechanical protection.…”

“…In a previous study (17), our research group evaluated the influence of pediatric liquid oral medicines on enamel topography, and concluded that the majority of the studied pediatric medicines have low pH, mainly at room temperature; and Claritin® demonstrated in vitro the capacity to create significant gaps between the unexposed Figure 2. 3D profilometry images of enamel surface samples after treatment and erosion challenges for each group.…”

“…This protocol was able to provide fast enamel demineralization as well as to simulate a high erosive risk situation, as seen in the present study. Tests using models that mimic oral conditions are required in the studies, so the sample was immersed in a pediatric liquid medicine for 5 min according to our previous study (17), to simulate the period in which the syrup remains in the oral cavity until its complete ingestion and dilution by the saliva.…”

“…The images were analyzed by Nanovea Professional 3D software (Nanovea PS50 Optical, NANOVEA Inc.) to determine tooth structure loss (TSL) and surface roughness (Sa), according to previous studies (13,17).…”