Do we know how urban heritage is being endangered by climate change? A systematic and critical review

Quesada-Ganuza, Laura; Garmendia, Larraitz; Rojí, Eduardo; Gandini, Alessandra

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102551

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The document is, effectively, World Heritage climate change policy, and is being updated at the time of writing in response to Committee decisions since 2016 [19]. Those materials have laid the foundation and conditions to handle the effects of climate change on WHP [13].…”

Section: Unesco's Efforts Against Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neither review focused on specific heritage assets. Other reviews have taken a narrower perspective, with publications by Aktürk [12] and Quesada-Ganuza and colleagues [13] paying heed to primary barriers to climate change adaptations and risk assessment methodologies in polar regions and urban areas, respectively. These reviews utilised a smaller number of studies compared to the previous reviews and limited themselves geographically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate Change and UNESCO World Heritage-Listed Cultural Properties: A Systematic Review, 2008–2021

Nguyen

Baker

2023

Heritage

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Underpinned by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement, this systematic review analyses 58 peer-reviewed articles published during 2008–2021 and retrieved from Scopus and Google Scholar that address the relationship between climate change and UNESCO World Heritage-listed cultural properties. The review reveals a suite of observations that will be important to consider for future research, including: the significant increase in publications since 2008; the prevalence of scholarship focused on the region of Europe and North America; the diversity of research methods and approaches; the instances of climate change hazards; the numerous adaptation measures and barriers. The study also showcases a much greater scholarly concentration on natural sites compared to cultural sites, observing that a reliance on a nature/culture binary does not bode well for the effective safeguarding of cultural World Heritage sites. This article also highlights the need for greater representation from the Global South in terms of both geographic focus and authorship, the lack of collaboration between Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and Humanities, Arts and Social Science (HASS) disciplines, the capacity for collective action from different stakeholders, the importance of intangible elements, and the effects of both international and national legal frameworks and regulations.

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Section: Unesco's Efforts Against Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and UNESCO World Heritage-Listed Cultural Properties: A Systematic Review, 2008–2021

Nguyen

Baker

2023

Heritage

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“…The effects of climate change are an illustrative example of this. The work of Quesada-Ganuza et al (2021), for example, provides a literature-based identification of the link between risk, vulnerability and systems-related aspects that interact in the context of complex climate-change-related events. Besides the multi-criteria comprehensive assessment, Coletti et al (2020) explores another utmost important aspect in this context, time-dependency, discussing the plausibility of risks according to the evolution of the levels of risk over time.…”

Section: A Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing and Managing Risk in Historic Urban Areas: Current Trends and Future Research Directions

Ferreira

Eudave

2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Historic urban centres are, almost by definition, risk-prone areas. The buildings in the historical sites are often highly vulnerable to natural and human-made hazards, not only due to their construction and material characteristics but also because they are usually very degraded due to ineffective maintenance and conservation policies. Moreover, the recent world tourism boom has led to a significant increase in the number of people who live, work and visit these areas, which, together with land use and climate change-related impacts, make historic centres particularly exposed areas. This paper addresses the issue of assessing and managing risk in historic urban centres departing from the complexity of defining the historic city and the concept of risk, providing a comprehensive discussion on current trends and future research directions in this field. After analysing the most suitable methodologies to assess the vulnerability of these areas to different hazards, the focus is on data collection and organisation-related issues and how the different vulnerability assessment outputs can be used to manage and mitigate risk. Vulnerability and loss scenarios, evacuation and emergency planning, and retrofit and cost-benefit analyses are some of the aspects addressed herein. This discussion includes some considerations on the accuracy of these approaches and aspects related to their calibration and validation, covering from empirical calibration models to advanced artificial Intelligence-based techniques.

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“…The tower had very compact walls, built in earth, combined with stone and mortar, all of which was covered by a compact mortar and ashlar [78] (pp. [14][15].…”

Section: Building Structure and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it has led to the implementation of maintenance systems, or the analysis of these dynamics based on the results in the field of regional sustainable development [13]. More recent works have highlighted the gaps that still exist in the lack of holistic analyses that take into account the combined action of various hazards [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Almoravid Works on Defensive Architecture in Southeast Al-Andalus: Analysis of Their Remains and Proposal for Preventive Conservation

Cobaleda

Carrillo

2021

Sustainability

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In the first half of the 12th century, several military works were developed throughout the territories under Almoravid rule, above all after 1126, both in the main towns and the rural areas of the Empire. Within this context, the aim of this paper is to present the results achieved in the framework of the PREFORTI R&D Project (BIA2015-69938-R) concerning the particular case of these military constructions built in the region of Southeast Al-Andalus (Granada and Almeria, Spain). To achieve this aim, we have studied their remains during field work, as well as documentation contained in archives, written sources and historiography, focusing on the risks that affect their conservation. The analysis of six cases of study has been included, where a sample of the systematic method based on preventive conservation measures has been detailed in two particular cases: the walls of the Alcazaba Qadīma (Granada) and the walls of La Hoya and Cerro de San Cristóbal (Almeria). The proposed method has been validated by the public bodies responsible for the protection of this heritage. Its importance lies in the guarantee to slow down the deterioration of this heritage, which facilitates the implementation of effective and economic strategies for its conservation.

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Do we know how urban heritage is being endangered by climate change? A systematic and critical review

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Climate Change and UNESCO World Heritage-Listed Cultural Properties: A Systematic Review, 2008–2021

Climate Change and UNESCO World Heritage-Listed Cultural Properties: A Systematic Review, 2008–2021

Assessing and Managing Risk in Historic Urban Areas: Current Trends and Future Research Directions

Almoravid Works on Defensive Architecture in Southeast Al-Andalus: Analysis of Their Remains and Proposal for Preventive Conservation

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