Documentary-based climate reconstructions in the Czech Lands 1501–2020 CE and their European context

Brázdil, Rudolf; Dobrovolný, Petr; Mikšovský, Jiří; Pišoft, Petr; Trnka, Miroslav; Možný, Martin; Bálek, Jan

doi:10.5194/cp-18-935-2022

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…mean monthly areal precipitation series for the CR (Brázdil et al, 2012), extended to 2021 and completed with seasonal and annual reconstructed precipitation totals before 1804 (Dobrovolný et al, 2015) iii. mean monthly areal self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) series for the CR (Brázdil et al, 2022a) iv. the chronology of severe windstorms in the CR derived from documentary and instrumental data for 1801-2015 (Brázdil et al, 2018b) and extended to 1781 and 2021.…”

Section: Meteorological and Climatological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological and climatological triggers of notable past and present bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic

Brázdil

Zahradník

Szabó³

et al. 2022

Clim. Past

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Abstract. Based on documentary evidence, a chronology of bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic from 1781 to 1963 CE was created, continuing from 1964 through 2021 by bark beetle salvage felling data. The spatial distribution of bark beetle events concentrates on the border mountains of Bohemia and in the northern parts of Moravia and Silesia. The temporal distribution of the most important bark beetle outbreaks is concentrated in the 1830s, 1870s, 1940s–1950s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. Each of these notable calamities was analysed in detail with respect to their spatial extent, the volume of damaged wood, and their meteorological patterns. While meteorological triggers of the largest outbreaks of the 19th century were attributed especially to the slow procession of disastrous volumes of damaged wood after large windstorm events sometimes intensified by dying trees in subsequent dry years, the recent warming with relatively stable precipitation from the 1980s moves the main meteorological and climatological triggers to more frequent warm and dry meteorological patterns, acting simultaneously in interaction with severe windstorms. The last bark beetle outbreak from 2015 was evaluated as the most disastrous disturbance to spruce forest over the territory of the Czech Republic in documented history. The paper also discusses uncertainties in bark beetle data, responses to past bark beetle events, and relationships between environment, climate, and bark beetle outbreaks.

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Section: Meteorological and Climatological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological and climatological triggers of notable past and present bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic

Brázdil

Zahradník

Szabó³

et al. 2022

Clim. Past

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“…Average precipitation totals are not decreasing, but since 2015, they have been noticeably (but statistically insigni cant) lower. From 2015 to approximately 2019, the Czech Republic faced one of the most intense periods of drought in its history, a 500-year drought (Brázdil et al 2022a).…”

Section: Bioclimatic Conditions In the Area Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of wild res in Central Europe has increased in the last decade (Trnka et al 2020), (Mozny et al 2021), and it is clear that as the temperature increases due to climate change, re danger will increase. The period from 1991 to 2020 was the warmest and driest 30-year period in Czech history since 1501 (Brázdil et al 2022a). From 2015 to 2018, the Czech Republic faced severely dry episodes, which were re ected by negative impacts on the landscape (Bartosova et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using FlamMap to assess wildfire behavior in Bohemian Switzerland National Park

Kudláčková,

Poděbradská,

Bláhová

et al. 2023

Nat Hazards

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The 2022 summer re in Bohemian Switzerland National Park (BSNP) is ranked as the largest in the Czech Republic´s 30-year recorded history, with an affected area over 1000 ha. The FlamMap re modeling system was used to investigate the re behavior associated with the BSNP and to evaluate scenarios under a range of fuel types, fuel moistures, and weather conditions. We used the model to simulate re conditions, propagation, and extent. We focused on matching the observed re perimeter and on re behavior characteristics. The re took place in a region of BSNP that was heavily affected by the Spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) infestation; hence, most of the burned area was in dead spruce forest (Picea abies Karst.). The best FlamMap simulations of observed re behavior and progression were compared with several created scenarios that differed in various input conditions. Scenarios included a re in a healthy spruce forest, in clearcuts, or under different meteorological conditions. We were able to calibrate and use FlamMap to recreate a recent wild re under observed conditions. We found that the re would have likely spread to its observed nal perimeter even if standing dead trees were removed. However, at lower re intensity and with a considerably shorter duration. Alternatively, if healthy standing vegetation with a closed canopy had been present, the wild re perimeter would have been approximately half. Similar results were obtained for both the nonnative spruce forest and the deciduous forest, which is a native alternative.

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“…No wonder periods with very high or low air temperatures have aroused general interest for a long time due to their direct impact on human lives and activity. That extreme thermal conditions are nothing new is apparent from the oldest preserved written records referring to weather (Brázdil et al, 2022; Girguś, 2022; Pfister et al, 1999). The fact that they made their way into chronicles or other written accounts implies that the temperature conditions and their consequences must have been out of the ordinary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that they made their way into chronicles or other written accounts implies that the temperature conditions and their consequences must have been out of the ordinary. Historical sources that span different temporal and spatial scales can be utilized to retrace climatic conditions with varying degrees of accuracy (Br azdil et al, 2022;McIntyre & McKitrick, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long‐term changes in the frequency of exceptionally cold and warm months and seasons at selected stations in Europe in the early instrumental period

Skrzyńska,

Twardosz,

Walanus

2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Extreme thermal conditions have been known for a long time as is evidenced by the oldest preserved historical accounts referring to weather. However, direct data, that is, air temperature measurements, which began in Europe in the 17th century, are the only reliable source of information. They provide insight into how climate evolved over the characteristic period of the climate timeline known as the Little Ice Age. This study focuses on extreme climatic phenomena, referred to here as exceptionally cold (EC) and exceptionally warm (EW) months and seasons that occurred in the early instrumental period (until 1830). The research is based on average monthly air temperature values (of different lengths) from five meteorological stations in Europe. The Central England Temperature series (CET) offers the longest series that spans 172 years whereas Padua has the shortest, 57 years. Consequently, the year 1659, which is the start date of the Central England Temperature series, marks the beginning of the study period for the research presented in this article. Thermally anomalous periods are identified based on the standard deviation of the average temperature from the corresponding long‐term average (1831–2020). The highlights of the study include the identification of the pronounced prevalence at all five stations of EC months and seasons when compared to EW months and seasons, especially in Western Europe (CET) during the Maunder Minimum. The study also finds a lack of synchronicity in the timing of the anomalous periods under investigation in the different parts of Europe.

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Documentary-based climate reconstructions in the Czech Lands 1501–2020 CE and their European context

Cited by 11 publications

References 67 publications

Meteorological and climatological triggers of notable past and present bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic

Meteorological and climatological triggers of notable past and present bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic

Using FlamMap to assess wildfire behavior in Bohemian Switzerland National Park

Long‐term changes in the frequency of exceptionally cold and warm months and seasons at selected stations in Europe in the early instrumental period

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