Documentation of Clinical Interventions by Pharmacy Faculty, Residents, and Students

Taylor, Charles T.; Church, Chelsea O; Byrd, Debbie C.

doi:10.1345/aph.19310

Cited by 43 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Previously documented acceptance rates for pharmacy students' verbal and written recommendations range from 64% and 95%. [2][3][4][5][6][7]10 Verbal recommendations may have a higher rate of acceptance due to student's face-to-face time with the resident physician and the opportunity to engage in discussions regarding patient-specific recommendations. Although the resident physicians in this study were trained to look for the pharmacotherapy notes in the medical record, the possibility exists that the students' written recommendations were overlooked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] Interventions in an outpatient ambulatory care clinic made by a clinical pharmacist not only improved patient care, but also yielded a cost savings 4 times the pharmacist salary when compared to a similar clinic without a pharmacist. 8,9 To date, there have been no studies that compared pharmacy students' written versus verbal recommendations in an ambulatory clinic setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resident Physicians’ Acceptance of Pharmacy Students’ Pharmacotherapy Recommendations During an Ambulatory Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Lundquist¹,

Moye²

2009

Am J Pharm Educ

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Objective. To compare the acceptance rates of written versus verbal pharmacotherapy recommendations made by pharmacy students on an ambulatory care advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). Methods. Fourth-year pharmacy students made written and verbal pharmacotherapy recommendations to resident physicians in an internal medicine clinic at an urban, teaching hospital over a 10-month period. The types of recommendations and outcomes of the interventions were recorded using a data collection form to determine differences in acceptance rates for written versus verbal recommendations. The recommendation types and corresponding acceptance rates were also compared. Results. Of 542 pharmacotherapy recommendations made by 14 APPE students during the 10-month study period, 65.1% were written and 34.9% were verbal. Of the 189 verbal recommendations, 97.9% were accepted, compared with 83.6% of written recommendations (p , 0.0001). The most frequent types of recommendations and overall rates of acceptance were dosage change (87.0%), laboratory monitoring (85.8%), and medication initiation based on evidence-based medicine guidelines (79.3%). Conclusion. Verbal pharmacotherapy recommendations made by pharmacy students were accepted by resident physicians at a significantly higher rate than written recommendations in an outpatient internal medicine clinic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident Physicians’ Acceptance of Pharmacy Students’ Pharmacotherapy Recommendations During an Ambulatory Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Lundquist¹,

Moye²

2009

Am J Pharm Educ

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“…Current literature regarding student pharmacist documentation of interventions is limited to small studies that report results from single clinical sites rather than across a class or school. 6,13,14,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] In addition, even fewer publications describe documentation of clinical pharmacy interventions made by pharmacy residents. 13,14,31,44 Only one published study focused on school-wide documentation of clinical interventions by student pharmacists and faculty members.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall estimated cost avoidance resulting from the interventions by faculty members, residents and students was $172,655. 31 Lee and colleagues found that student pharmacists' interventions along with interventions by 36 staff pharmacists and 5 pharmacy residents resulted in cost savings and cost avoidance in a veterans medical center. 6 The authors' recorded 600 interventions within the medical center over a 1-year period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a School-wide Clinical Intervention Documentation System

Stevenson

Fox

Andrus

et al. 2011

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness and impact of a customized Web-based software program implemented in 2006 for school-wide documentation of clinical interventions by pharmacy practice faculty members, pharmacy residents, and student pharmacists. Methods. The implementation process, directed by a committee of faculty members and school administrators, included preparation and refinement of the software, user training, development of forms and reports, and integration of the documentation process within the curriculum. Results. Use of the documentation tool consistently increased from May 2007 to December 2010. Over 187,000 interventions were documented with over $6.2 million in associated cost avoidance. Conclusions. Successful implementation of a school-wide documentation tool required considerable time from the oversight committee and a comprehensive training program for all users, with ongoing monitoring of data collection practices. Data collected proved to be useful to show the impact of faculty members, residents, and student pharmacists at affiliated training sites.

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“…Several papers have described the types of clinical services provided by pharmacy students during experiential courses. [2][3][4][5][6][7] However, the impact of these student interventions is limited in terms of objectively measured patient outcomes. Therefore, members of the primary care faculty division from Texas Tech Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) School of Pharmacy developed a project to evaluate the effect of precepted student participation in ambulatory care clinics on the percentage of therapeutic INR results among patients on chronic warfarin therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy Students Provide Care Comparable to Pharmacists in an Outpatient Anticoagulation Setting

Dalal

McCall

Fike

et al. 2010

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Objective. To evaluate whether student participation in ambulatory clinics influenced the percentage of therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) results among patients on chronic warfarin therapy. Methods. Medical records in outpatient anticoagulation clinics managed by pharmacists under physician protocol were reviewed retrospectively in 2 university-affiliated clinics in Amarillo and Lubbock, TX. Pharmacy student activities included patient interviews, vital sign measurements, fingersticks, counseling, and documentation. Patient visits were conducted by a precepted pharmacy student or a pharmacist without a student, and the INR was measured at the subsequent patient visit. Results. Records of 1,958 anticoagulation patient visits were reviewed; 865 patients were treated by pharmacists, and 1093 were treated by precepted students. The follow-up INR was therapeutic for 48.5% of third-year (P3) students' patients, 45.6% of fourth-year (P4) students' patients, 51.2% of residents' patients, and 44.7% of pharmacists's patients (p 5 0.23). Eight variables were associated with the followup INR (baseline INR, warfarin noncompliance, held warfarin doses, a warfarin dosage adjustment, diet change, alcohol use, tobacco use, and any medication changes). Conclusion. Student participation in the patient-care process did not compromise patient care and no significant difference in patient outcomes was found between patients in an anticoagulation clinic cared for by precepted students and those cared for by pharmacists.

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Documentation of Clinical Interventions by Pharmacy Faculty, Residents, and Students

Abstract: This study demonstrates that educational activities by pharmacy faculty, residents, and students have a positive influence on patient care in a community hospital.

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Resident Physicians’ Acceptance of Pharmacy Students’ Pharmacotherapy Recommendations During an Ambulatory Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Resident Physicians’ Acceptance of Pharmacy Students’ Pharmacotherapy Recommendations During an Ambulatory Care Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Implementation of a School-wide Clinical Intervention Documentation System

Pharmacy Students Provide Care Comparable to Pharmacists in an Outpatient Anticoagulation Setting

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