Does Chinese calligraphy therapy reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

BackgroundThere are currently no systematic reviews or meta-analyses of Chinese calligraphy therapy (CCT) to reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the efficacy of CCT for people with neuropsychiatric symptoms.MethodsWe searched Chinese and English databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Wanfang Data for relevant articles published between the earliest year available and December 2016. The search was limited to randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical studies and the associated keywords were “handwriting,” “Chinese calligraphy,” “Chinese calligraphy therapy,” “Calligraphy exercise,” and “Calligraphy training.” The 21 articles that met these criteria were used in the analysis. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist was used to assess methodological quality.ResultsCCT significantly reduced psychosis (10 studies, 965 subjects, standardized mean difference [SMD] = − 0.17, 95% confidence intervals [CI] [− 0.30, − 0.40], Z = 2.60, p < 0.01), anxiety symptoms (9 studies, 579 subjects, SMD = − 0.78, 95% CI [− 0.95, − 0.61], Z = 8.98, p < 0.001), and depressive symptoms (7 studies, 456 subjects, SMD = − 0.69, 95% CI [− 0.88, − 0.50], Z = 7.11, p < 0.001). CCT also significantly improved cognitive function (2 studies, 55 subjects, MD = 2.17, 95% CI [− 0.03, 4.38], Z = 1.93, p = 0.05) and neurofeedback (3 studies, 148 subjects, SMD = − 1.09, 95% CI [− 1.44, − 0.73], Z = 6.01, p < 0.001). The therapy also significantly reduced the positive psychopathological expression of schizophrenia symptoms (4 studies, 287 subjects, SMD = − 0.35, 95% CI [− 0.59, − 0.12], Z = 2.96, p = 0.003) and reduced the negative symptoms of schizophrenia (4 studies, 276 subjects, SMD = − 1.39, 95% CI [− 1.65, − 1.12], Z = 10.23, p < 0.001).ConclusionsCCT exerts a curative effect on neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the evidence remains insufficient. A large number of RCTs are needed to facilitate additional systematic reviews of evidence for CCT.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12888-018-1611-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Although the current treatment for anxiety (and mental disorder in general) is the consolidated drug–psychotherapy approach, its consequences include adverse effects of drugs, lack of response to treatment, high cost of psychotherapy, or/and pharmacological interventions. [ 3 4 5 ] Therefore, the need for effective low-cost strategies has become increasingly urgent and necessary because they might provide the individuals with the right tools to cope with anxiety while changing lifestyle and reducing the economic cost.…”

“…Besides, both health professionals and patients agree on two points: (1) it is not satisfactory to spend an entire lifetime making use of drugs and (2) traditional psychotherapy can be extremely costly if carried out for long periods. In addition, clinical trials have demonstrated that anxiolytic drugs and antidepressants have limited effectiveness,[ 3 ] cause dependence,[ 4 ] affect cognition and memory,[ 4 5 ] and cause sexual dysfunction. [ 5 ]…”

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