Does corneal tattooing affect the conjunctival microbiota?

Yilmaz, Omer Faruk; Sarmıs, Abdurrahman; Mutlu, Muhammet Ali; Oguz, Halit

doi:10.1080/15569527.2023.2275025

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Micropigmentation is used for cosmetic enhancement, as well as for medical applications including the camouflage of scars and vitiligo, through the precise deposition of pigment into the dermal layer of the skin. A study observing the effects of micropigmentation specifically on the cornea found no significant alteration to the ocular microbiome, suggesting minimal impact on microbial communities in this specific context [68]. Debridement, while not immediately altering the wound microbiome, reveals an association between certain bacterial genera and non-healing wounds, emphasizing the procedure's potential influence on chronic wound outcomes [69].…”

Section: Various Dermatological Procedures Affect the Skin Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Skin Microbiome Following Dermatological Procedures: A Scoping Review

Ellis,

Powell,

Tomasovic

et al. 2024

Applied Microbiology

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The skin microbiome consists of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and mites, which play a crucial role in maintaining skin health and immune function. Imbalances in this microbial community, known as dysbiosis, are implicated in various dermatological conditions. While skincare products are known to influence the skin microbiome, the effects of dermatological procedures have not been extensively studied. Here, we perform a scoping review to outline the studies investigating the impacts of dermatological interventions on the skin microbiome. Phototherapy emerged as the most studied intervention, encompassing UV phototherapy, light therapy, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy. Chemical interventions, such as chemical peels, micropigmentation, and debridement, have comparatively limited studies describing their impacts on the skin microbiome. To date, no studies have been done on a wide variety of common dermatological procedures such as cryotherapy, skin grafts, and dermabrasion, which may have stronger likelihoods of affecting the skin microbiome. This underscores the need for further research on the influences of dermatological procedures, especially chemical and physical interventions, on the skin microbiome. More comprehensive pre-clinical and clinical studies are essential not only for understanding the long-term consequences of these procedures, but also for optimizing patient outcomes in dermatological care.

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Section: Various Dermatological Procedures Affect the Skin Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Skin Microbiome Following Dermatological Procedures: A Scoping Review

Ellis,

Powell,

Tomasovic

et al. 2024

Applied Microbiology

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“…Corneal and conjunctival calcifications can be idiopathic or associated with chronic renal failure and hyperparathyroidism [13]. The conjunctival flora is also influenced by the presence of corneal lesions [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular surface lesions in clinical grades of Bell’s phenomenon

Faruk Yilmaz,

Oguz

2024

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol

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Background: Bell’s phenomenon, also known as the palpebral oculogyric reflex, is a critical reflex that protects the cornea. We developed an innovative, simple, and practical grading scale for Bell’s phenomenon that includes the inverse Bell’s phenomenon. Using this scale, we investigated the characteristics of Bell’s phenomenon among asymptomatic individuals in different age groups and examined the frequency of ocular surface lesions in asymptomatic and symptomatic participants with different grades. Methods: Bell’s phenomenon was classified into five grades: grade +2 (strong positive), grade +1 (weak positive), grade 0 (no Bell’s phenomenon, no eye movement), grade –1 (weak inverse), and grade –2 (strong inverse). In this cross-sectional study, we randomly included 330 eyes of 165 asymptomatic, healthy, White Turkish individuals who attended the outpatient eye clinic, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4, in the control group. These were categorized into four age groups: 4 – 20 years, 21 – 40 years, 41 – 60 years, and > 60 years. Eighty eyes from 40 patients with ocular surface lesions and absence of grade +2 Bell’s phenomenon were included in the symptomatic group. Results: We detected higher frequencies of grade +2, +1, and 0 in individuals aged 4 – 40, 41 – 60, and > 60 years, respectively. There was a significant difference between age groups in the frequencies of different grades (P < 0.001). Pairwise analysis revealed a significantly lower frequency of grade +2 in the age group > 60 years compared with the 4 – 20 and 21 – 40 year groups (both P < 0.05). Grade +2 was the most frequent in both sexes. We detected grade 0 in 27.1% of men and 22.1% of women in the control group, with no significant difference in the frequencies of different grades between sexes (P > 0.05). We observed significant differences between grades with respect to the frequency of ocular surface lesions (P < 0.001). Pairwise analysis revealed a significantly higher frequency of ocular surface lesions in asymptomatic individuals with grade 0 and all four other grades (all P < 0.001). However, the frequency of ocular surface lesions was comparable between sexes (P > 0.05). Of the 40 symptomatic individuals, 28 (70%), 5 (12.5%), 4 (10%), and 3 (7.5%) had grade 0, +1, –1, and –2, respectively. The number of symptomatic patients was higher in grade 0 (n = 28) than in other grades (grade +1, –1, and –2: n = 12 patients), and these individuals had a higher frequency of ocular surface lesions (n = 38 lesions) than others (grade +1, –1, and –2: 7 lesions). Conclusions: Using a simple, practical grading scale for Bell’s phenomenon that includes inverse Bell’s phenomenon, we observed that inverse Bell’s phenomenon is a reflex that may be present in healthy individuals and could have a protective effect on the eye, although not to such a degree as a strong Bell’s phenomenon. Our observations imply that bilateral conjunctival calcifications/Vogt’s limbal girdle may be associated with grades 0 and +1 Bell’s phenomenon. Further large-scale studies are needed to determine the frequency of Bell’s phenomenon in the general population using this innovative, simple, practical grading scale, and to identify the protective or injurious effect of each grade on the ocular surface.

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Letter to the Editor: Relationship Between Conjunctival Corynebacterium and 5% Sheep Blood Agar

Yilmaz,

Sarmis

2024

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Does corneal tattooing affect the conjunctival microbiota?

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Changes in the Skin Microbiome Following Dermatological Procedures: A Scoping Review

Changes in the Skin Microbiome Following Dermatological Procedures: A Scoping Review

Ocular surface lesions in clinical grades of Bell’s phenomenon

Letter to the Editor: Relationship Between Conjunctival Corynebacterium and 5% Sheep Blood Agar

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