Does Deoxynivalenol Affect Amoxicillin and Doxycycline Absorption in the Gastrointestinal Tract? Ex Vivo Study on Swine Jejunum Mucosa Explants

Abstract

The presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in feed may increase intestinal barrier permeability. Disturbance of the intestinal barrier integrity may affect the absorption of antibiotics used in animals. Since the bioavailability of orally administered antibiotics significantly affects their efficacy and safety, it was decided to evaluate how DON influences the absorption of the most commonly used antibiotics in pigs, i.e., amoxicillin (AMX) and doxycycline (DOX). The studies were conducted using jejunal explants from adult pigs. Explants were incubated in Ussing chambers, in which a buffer containing DON (30 µg/mL), AMX (50 µg/mL), DOX (30 µg/mL), a combination of AMX + DON, or a combination of DOX + DON was used. Changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), the flux of transcellular and intracellular transport markers, and the flux of antibiotics across explants were measured. DON increased the permeability of small intestine explants, expressed by a reduction in TEER and an intensification of transcellular marker transport. DON did not affect AMX transport, but it accelerated DOX transport by approximately five times. The results suggest that DON inhibits the efflux transport of DOX to the intestinal lumen, and thus significantly changes its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

Immunohistochemical Expression (IE) of Oestrogen Receptors in the Intestines of Prepubertal Gilts Exposed to Zearalenone

“…As stated in the research objective, this study was conducted to determine if low ZEN doses naturally occurring in feeds could produce similar effects, and the present results suggest that it is possible. This conclusion is also consistent with the results of previous studies conducted as part of the same research project [ 2 , 19 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 52 ].…”

“…This study confirmed our recent observations that low ZEN doses improve somatic [ 36 ] and reproductive health (our previous mechanistic studies) [ 2 , 19 , 37 ]. On the first day of exposure, ZEN exerted a stimulatory effect on the body, with the exception of the reproductive system [ 18 , 38 ].…”

“…Mycotoxin content was determined by standard separation techniques using immunoaffinity columns (Zearala-TestTM Zearalenone Testing System, G1012, VICAM, Watertown, MA, USA; DON-TestTM DON Testing System, VICAM, Watertown, MA, USA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Hewlett Packard, type 1050 and 1100) [ 67 ] with fluorescence and/or ultraviolet detection techniques. The detection limit was 3.0 ng/g for ZEN [ 19 ] and 1.0 ng/g for DON [ 36 ].…”

Agaro-oligosaccharides mitigate deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal inflammation by regulating gut microbiota and enhancing intestinal barrier function in mice

“…12 The intestinal epithelium is essential in the formation of a selective barrier between the internal environment and both intraluminal dietary antigens and microbes; increased gut permeability is associated with various inflammatory diseases and disrupted immune homeostasis. 13,14 It has been suggested that DON-induced opening of tight junctions, increases in bacterial translocation, and decreases in mucus production can promote the intestinal epithelial entry of xenobiotics (harmful molecules and pathogenic microorganisms present in food and water) and have additional consequences on systemic immunity and nutritional metabolism. [15][16][17] Furthermore, DON significantly reduces the diversity of gut microbiota, thereby altering host immunity.…”

The Multidirectional Influence of Feed-Borne Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on Animal Health

“…Acute poisoning and severe mycotoxicosis are less frequently reported. Complex toxicological interactions (additive effects, synergism, potentiation, and antagonism between mycotoxins) and the dose absorbed [ 17 ] undoubtedly affect health and reproductive processes [ 18 ]. Depending on the absorbed dose, the interactions between co-occurring mycotoxins or between mycotoxins and specific tissues in mammals [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] may require further investigation and risk assessments [ 22 ] based on an analysis of the biological activity of individual mycotoxins [ 12 , 16 , 17 ].…”