Does HIV infection affect growth and puberty of Cameroonian children?

Mbono, Ritha Carole; Um, Suzanne Sap Ngo; Edongue, Marguerite; Ndombo, Paul Koki

doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2021.02.010

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…(highlighting the impact of the disease on puberty). The age at onset of puberty in girls and boys in our study was similar to those of other authors in Africa and Europe [3,5,6] but different from Mbono et al and Buchacz et who found an earlier age at puberty [4,13]. Our observations may be due to the fact that majority of our subjects were in advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis which may have been associated with an increase in the viral load and further depletion of immune function, increasing susceptibility to infections and increasing inflammatory markers; hence negatively affecting nutrition via decreased intake and poor absorption leading to impaired growth and resultant impairment of pubertal development via leptin hyposecretion [16][17][18] as seen with most chronic diseases [16,19,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The prevalence of pubertal delay in our study population amongst girls was comparable to the prevalence of 6.25% obtained in Nigeria by Iloh et al, [3] which could be explained by similarity in methodology. However Mbono et al in Yaounde, in Cameroon; among a similar population did not observe delay pubertal delay [13] despite similarities in study method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Table I highlights the socio-demographics of the 120 enrolled participants consisting of 64 (53.3%) female and 56 (46.7%) male with a female to male ratio of 1.1.Most of the subjects were above 13 years (59.2%) followed by those aged [10][11][12][13] years constituting 28.3% while those aged 8 to less than 10 years were the minority.…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV infection results in impaired physical growth, wasting and resultant hypofunction of hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis resulting in impaired sexual development and delayed puberty [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Delayed puberty refers to lack of features of pubertal development by the age of 13 years in females and 14 years in males [13,14]. There are few studies on impact HIV on puberty and in Cameroon there is limited data on puberty in the paediatric HIV population, hence the necessity of this study to determine the prevalence of pubertal delay in a paediatric HIV infected population on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) at a treatment centre in Cameroon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Pubertal Delay in Paediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

KM,

et al. 2022

austinjhivaidsres

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Background: In Cameroon, Paediatric HIV occurs in 7 per 500,000 people living with HIV. HIV infection can result in impaired sexual development and delayed puberty. There are few studies on the impact of HIV on puberty. Aim: To determine prevalence of pubertal delay in paediatric population infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that assessed puberty using the Marshall and Tanner staging system in 120 HIV positive children aged 8-18years, at the Bamenda Regional Hospital treatment Centre from February to May 2022. Data obtained included sex, age, tanner stage of development and age at puberty. Results: Of 120 participants included, the majority 64(53.3%) were girls. The median (IQR) age was 13.9(11.1-15.8) and 71(59.2%) were aged =13years. Sixty-three (52.5%) participants were in Tanner stage 1-2 and the prevalence of pubertal delay was 12.7%. Median age at puberty in years was thelarche: 12.5(9.9-14.4), adrenarche: 13.2(11.8-14.6), menarche: 14(13-14) in girls and gonadarche: 12.9(11.6-14.4), adrenarche: 13.3(11.4-14.4) in boys. Conclusion: About 13% of HIV infected children on ART experience pubertal delay with a prevalence rate of 12.7%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: General Characteristics Of Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of Pubertal Delay in Paediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

KM,

et al. 2022

austinjhivaidsres

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“…Not infrequently, it may cause a reduction in testosterone levels [ 180 ]. Pubertal onset can also be delayed in untreated HIV infection [ 181 ], though new treatments may have benefits [ 182 ].…”

Section: Exogenous Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors on testicular function in adolescents

Cargnelutti

Nisio

Pallotti

et al. 2022

J Endocrinol Invest

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Purpose Adolescence represents an important window for gonadal development. The aim of this review is to carry out a critical excursus of the most recent literature on endogenous and exogenous risk factors related to testicular function, focusing the research on adolescence period. Methods A comprehensive literature search within PubMed was performed to provide a summary of currently available evidence regarding the impact on adolescence of varicocele, cryptorchidism, cancer, diabetes, lifestyle factors, endocrine disruptors, obesity and sexually transmitted diseases. We focused on human studies that evaluated a possible impact of these factors on puberty timing and their effects on andrological health. Results Evidence collected seems to suggest that andrological health in adolescence may be impaired by several factors, as varicocele, cryptorchidism, and childhood cancer. Despite an early diagnosis and treatment, many adolescents might still have symptoms and sign of a testicular dysfunction in their adult life and at the current time it is not possible to predict which of them will experience andrological problems. Lifestyle factors might have a role in these discrepancies. Most studies point out towards a correlation between obesity, insulin resistance, alcohol, smoking, use of illegal drugs and testicular function in pubertal boys. Also, endocrine disruptors and sexually transmitted diseases might contribute to impair reproductive health, but more studies in adolescents are needed. Conclusion According to currently available evidence, there is an emerging global adverse trend of high-risk and unhealthy behaviors in male adolescents. A significant proportion of young men with unsuspected and undiagnosed andrological disorders engage in behaviors that could impair testicular development and function, with an increased risk for later male infertility and/or hypogonadism during the adult life. Therefore, adolescence should be considered a key time for intervention and prevention of later andrological diseases.

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A Comparative Study of Pubertal Development in HIV-Infected and Non-HIV-Infected Boys in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Azubogu U. S.,

Ugwu R. O.,

Jaja T.

et al. 2023

JAMMR

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Background: Pubertal abnormalities can occur in HIV-infected boys and have negative effects on reproductive health, final adult height as well as psychosocial health and quality of life. This study was aimed at comparing the pubertal development in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected boys attending two tertiary hospitals in Port Harcourt. Materials and Methods: A Comparative cross sectional study was carried out involving 80 HIV-infected boys aged 10-18 years and 80 non-HIV-infected boy who were matched for age, sex and socioeconomic class. Results: The mean age of the HIV-infected boys was 13.22±2.31 while that of the non-HIV-infected boys was 13.24±2.30 and this difference was not statistically significant. On physical evaluation using the Tanner staging method, only 64 (80%) HIV-infected boys had attained puberty as against 76 (95%) in the non-HIV-infected group (ꭓ2= 13.091, p-value=0.011). Pubertal onset occurred at a significantly later age in HIV-infected boys when compared to the non-HIV-infected ones (11.76±1.33 years vs 10.81±0.77 years). Pubertal delay was seen in 2 (2.5%) and this was significantly more common among those who were underweight as well as those in WHO clinical stages 3 and 4. Conclusion: Pubertal onset occurred at a significantly later age in HIV-infected boys when compared to the non-HIV-infected boys. There is need to monitor pubertal development in HIV-infected boys so that deviations from normal can be promptly identified and necessary interventions given.

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Does HIV infection affect growth and puberty of Cameroonian children?

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence of Pubertal Delay in Paediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Prevalence of Pubertal Delay in Paediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Risk factors on testicular function in adolescents

A Comparative Study of Pubertal Development in HIV-Infected and Non-HIV-Infected Boys in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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