Does Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Reduce Trunk Disease in Grapevine Rootstocks?

Holland, Taylor; Bowen, Pat; Kokkoris, Vasilis; Úrbez-Torres, J. R.; Hart, Miranda M.

doi:10.3390/horticulturae5030061

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Glomus intradices ), from Glomeraceae, reduced the disease severity and incidence of root lesions caused by black-foot pathogens on Vitis rupestris [ 86 ]. By contrast, the application of commercial AMF as a pre-planting strategy against black-foot fungi did not result in the suppression of disease incidence, but instead increased the abundance of the pathogens [ 87 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Influences Fungal Community Dynamics in the Grapevine Rhizosphere and Root Microbiome

Carbone

Alaniz

Mondino

et al. 2021

JoF

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Plant roots support complex microbial communities that can influence nutrition, plant growth, and health. In grapevine, little is known about the impact of abiotic stresses on the belowground microbiome. In this study, we examined the drought-induced shifts in fungal composition in the root endosphere, the rhizosphere and bulk soil by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS). We imposed three irrigation regimes (100%, 50%, and 25% of the field capacity) to one-year old grapevine rootstock plants cv. SO4 when plants had developed 2–3 roots. Root endosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk soil samples were collected 6- and 12-months post-plantation. Drought significantly modified the overall fungal composition of all three compartments, with the root endosphere compartment showing the greatest divergence from well-watered control (100%). The overall response of the fungal microbiota associated with black-foot disease (Dactylonectria and “Cylindrocarpon” genera) and the potential biocontrol agent Trichoderma to drought stress was consistent across compartments, namely that their relative abundances were significantly higher at 50–100% than at 25% irrigation regime. We identified a significant enrichment in several fungal genera such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis during drought at 25% watering regime within the roots. Our results reveal that drought stress, in addition to its well-characterized effects on plant physiology, also results in the restructuring of grapevine root microbial communities, and suggest the possibility that members of the altered grapevine microbiota might contribute to plant survival under extreme environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Influences Fungal Community Dynamics in the Grapevine Rhizosphere and Root Microbiome

Carbone

Alaniz

Mondino

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Moreover, AMF protect grapevines grown in controlled conditions against pathogens through stimulation of key genes of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in leaves ( Bruisson et al, 2016 ) and inhibit their transmission by impairing the growth of nematode vectors in roots and their reproduction in soils ( Hao et al, 2018 ). Although it is widely accepted that AMF-grapevine association improves grapevine growth and mineral uptake in vineyards ( Trouvelot et al, 2015 ), contradictory results were recently reported when studying the protective role of the symbiosis against pathogens such as Ilyonectria ( Holland et al, 2019 ). Similarly, AMF inoculation may affect berry primary and secondary metabolism in response to environmental stresses when grapevines were cultivated under controlled conditions ( Torres et al, 2016 , 2018c ) but little is known about their effect under natural conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycrorrhizal Fungi Inoculation and Applied Water Amounts Modulate the Response of Young Grapevines to Mild Water Stress in a Hyper-Arid Season

Torres

Kurtural

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Several factors may affect the success of a replanting vineyard. Given the current environmental conditions, an optimized irrigation schedule would still be one of the most desirable tools to improve crop productivity and fruit quality. On the other hand, the symbiosis of grapevines with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a key component of the vineyard production systems improving the vine growth, nutrient uptake, and berry quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the response of Merlot grapevines to AMF inoculation and two different irrigation amounts in their first productive year. The experiment was conducted on 2-year Merlot grapevines inoculated with AMF (I) or not-inoculated (NI) and subjected to two irrigation amounts, full irrigated (FI), where the amount of water was enough to maintain expansive growth and half irrigated (HI) where plants received the half of the amount of water of FI plants. Water status, gas exchange parameters, growth, mineral content, berry composition, and mycorrhizal colonization were monitored through the season. AMF inoculation improved the grapevine vegetative growth, water status, and photosynthetic activity, especially when vines were subjected to HI irrigation; however, no effect was observed on the leaf mineral content, must pH, total soluble solids, or total acidity. The main effects were observed on the flavonoid composition of berry skins at harvest. Irrigation amounts and mycorrhizal inoculation modified cyanidin and peonidin derivatives whereas flavonol composition was mainly affected by irrigation treatments. A strong relationship between the mycorrhizal colonization rate of roots and total quercetins, cyanidins, and peonidins was found. Findings support the use of a mycorrhizal inoculum and a better water management in a hyper-arid growing season; however, these results may be affected by edaphoclimatic characteristics and living microbiota in vineyard soils, which should be taken into account before making the decision of inoculating the vineyard.

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“…In order to detect the Ilyonectria isolates used in the inoculum, a specific primer/probe assay that targets the beta-tubulin region was designed [68].…”

Section: Droplet Digital Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover Crop Diversity as a Tool to Mitigate Vine Decline and Reduce Pathogens in Vineyard Soils

et al. 2020

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Wine grape production is an important economic asset in many nations; however, a significant proportion of vines succumb to grapevine trunk pathogens, reducing yields and causing economic losses. Cover crops, plants that are grown in addition to main crops in order to maintain and enhance soil composition, may also serve as a line of defense against these fungal pathogens by producing volatile root exudates and/or harboring suppressive microbes. We tested whether cover crop diversity reduced disease symptoms and pathogen abundance. In two greenhouse experiments, we inoculated soil with a 106 conidia suspension of Ilyonectria liriodendri, a pathogenic fungus, then conditioned soil with cover crops for several months to investigate changes in pathogen abundance and fungal communities. After removal of cover crops, Chardonnay cuttings were grown in the same soil to assess disease symptoms. When grown alone, white mustard was the only cover crop associated with reductions in necrotic root damage and abundance of Ilyonectria. The suppressive effects of white mustard largely disappeared when paired with other cover crops. In this study, plant identity was more important than diversity when controlling for fungal pathogens in vineyards. This research aligns with other literature describing the suppressive potential of white mustard in vineyards.

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Does Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Reduce Trunk Disease in Grapevine Rootstocks?

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Drought Influences Fungal Community Dynamics in the Grapevine Rhizosphere and Root Microbiome

Drought Influences Fungal Community Dynamics in the Grapevine Rhizosphere and Root Microbiome

Arbuscular Mycrorrhizal Fungi Inoculation and Applied Water Amounts Modulate the Response of Young Grapevines to Mild Water Stress in a Hyper-Arid Season

Cover Crop Diversity as a Tool to Mitigate Vine Decline and Reduce Pathogens in Vineyard Soils

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