Does summer irrigation alter nitrogen uptake and utilisation efficiency of saffron (Crocus sativusL.) for different organic and chemical fertilisers?

Abstract

Table S1. Effect of summer and no-summer irrigation (I) and fertiliser (F) application on soil total nitrogen (mg kg -1 ) during three years of the experiment (mean ± standard error). P values of ANOVA are shown in bold when P < 0.05 and different letters indicate significant differences among treatments according to post-hoc Tukey's HSD test.

Biochar-based organic fertilizers: Influence on yield and concentration of antioxidants in the stigma of saffron and rhizosphere bacterial diversity of slightly saline and non-saline soils

“…In non-saline soil, PM fertilizer did not improve the total number of corms for the first-year crop; however, for the second-year crop, this fertilizer significantly increased the total number of corms as compared to control, FYM-B and PM-B by 29, 40 and 31 % respectively. Bicharanloo et al (2021) also reported a non-significant influence of poultry manure on the total number of corms for the first-year crop but found a significant increase for the second and third-year crop as compared to the control treatment. In our study, for the first-year crop grown in saline soil, amendment of SG-B fertilizer significantly increased the number of corms than control, PM , and PM-B by 33, 40 and 49 %; whereas, for the second-year crop, the total number of corms was significantly higher under treatment of PM fertilizer amendment than SG , FYM and SG-B by 30, 30 and 36 % respectively.…”

“…Our results agree with the previous findings. For instance, in a three-year field study in Shirvan county, Iran, Bicharanloo et al (2021) found that poultry manure applied at 5,859 kg ha −1 rate caused a significant 30 % increase in the dry stigma yield than a control treatment for the first-year crop. In a two-year field study conducted in Shahrekord, Iran, Aboueshaghi et al (2022) found that the amendment of poultry manure at 3 t ha −1 rate increased stigma fresh weight by 22 and 25 % than control for first- and second-year crop respectively.…”

“…Our findings are based on two years study. Published reports reveal the positive influence of biochar-based organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of saffron stigma after long-term (two to three years or more) continuous amendments in soil ( Ghanbari et al, 2019 , Bicharanloo et al, 2021 ). Due to time and fund limitations, we did not perform this experiment for more than two years and did not carry out rhizosphere metagenome analysis for all the treatments over time.…”

The Role of Nitrogen in Inducing Salt Stress Tolerance in Crocus sativus L.: Assessment Based on Plant Growth and Ions Distribution in Leaves

“…Saffron reacts very differently to N supply in these situations [17]. Since the uptake of N by roots can be hampered at high salinity conditions, a great attention is needed in finding the optimal nitrogen supply rates under salt stressed saffron plants, especially under high saline conditions [1].…”

“…Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma is the most expensive spice in the world. It is obtained from saffron plants that are cultivated in arid and semi-arid climates [1]. As saffron needs small amounts of water, it could be suitable for sustainable agriculture in regions with limited high-quality water resources.…”