“…To attain carbon neutrality, substituting fossil fuels with electric power and a high proportion of external electricity is essential measures [ 12 ], while the concepts of a circular economy and sustainable smart cities stand as viable solutions. Wu Meifen et al (2023) observed that since the introduction of the “dual carbon” targets, public attention to climate change issues has become more widespread, with coast and economically developed areas engaging in more frequent discussions and communication activities related to environmental issues [ 13 ]. This finding indicates a variation in the awareness and concern for climate change topics.…”