Does the ethnic density effect extend to obesity? A cross-sectional study of 415 166 adults in east London

Sutaria, Shailen; Mathur, Rohini; Hull, Sally

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024779

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our findings of a relatively high prevalence of generalised obesity (females: 19%; males: 10%) and predisposition to OR-NCDS among UK Bangladeshis (females: 20% with increased risk, 42% having high or very high risk; males: 16% with increased risk, 12% with high or very high risk) conform to previous findings [3,41]. In comparison, the Health Survey for England (HSE) has reported that BMIbased obesity prevalence increased to 17% among Bangladeshi females and 6% among males in 2004 [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Risk factors for non-communicable diseases related to obesity among first- and second-generation Bangladeshi migrants living in north-east or south-east England

et al. 2021

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Background Obesity is a global burden, which significantly increases the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). More than a quarter of adults in the United Kingdom are obese, but prevalence varies by ethnicity, and South Asians have the largest burden of NCDs. This paper assesses how sex, generation, and region interplay to vary the predisposition to obesity-related (OR) NCDs among UK Bangladeshis. Methods We used National Institute for Health and Care Excellence suggested grading for combining body mass index and waist circumference to define populations at risk of OR-NCDs. Data from 517 adults of Bangladeshi origin from a cross-sectional study (March 2013 to April 2015) were analysed. Male and female participants from London and north-east England were equally sampled including: (1) adult migrants, who came to the UK aged >16 years; (2) child migrants, who came to the UK aged ≤16 years; and (3) second-generation Bangladeshis (who were born and brought up in the UK). A generalised estimating equation using a binomial distribution and a logit link was used to explore the relationship between the binary outcome of being ‘at risk of OR-NCDs’ and associated factors. Results Females, married individuals, those living in London, the second-generation, and those of lower self-assessed financial status, with low acculturation status, or who did not walk daily for at least 20 min were more likely to develop OR-NCDs. A striking sex difference was found with more females prone to OR-NCD risk in the north-east than in London. Conclusions Our study observed important inter- and intra-regional inequality in OR-NCD risk which worsens the health of ethnic minorities and widens inequality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Risk factors for non-communicable diseases related to obesity among first- and second-generation Bangladeshi migrants living in north-east or south-east England

et al. 2021

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“…This is an important addition to the current literature on ethnic differences in obesity because central obesity is important for South Asian ethnic groups who have an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (a group of risk factors for heart disease and other health problems such as diabetes) ( 2 , 3 ). The research is also novel because it presents the results at a national level for England, (using HSE and Census data) and because it includes a larger number of ethnic minority groups than other UK studies [e.g., ( 29 )]. These are the most up to date nationally representative data available; there have been no UK studies since that study central obesity (rather than BMI) and have a nationally representative sample of ethnic minorities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research is novel because there have been no studies in England that have explored the relationship between central obesity , and co-ethnic density/area-level deprivation for different ethnic groups. This research, therefore, builds on the previous body of knowledge on ethnic differences in obesity and, particularly, the BMI results from an East London cohort of five ethnic groups ( 29 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies in the US have explored the relationship between co-ethnic density and weight status, but they have not explored the relationship between co-ethnic density and central obesity ( 25 – 28 ). Within the UK, there is only one study ( 29 ) that has explored the relationship between co-ethnic density and BMI obesity; the study population was five ethnic groups in East London. The study reported that increased co-ethnic density was associated with a decrease in BMI for Indian women but an increase in BMI for Black African men and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnic density and area-deprivation effects on central obesity among ethnic minority people in England—A cross-sectional, multi-level analysis

Higgins

2022

Front. Epidemiol.

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BackgroundCentral obesity is a risk factor for many health conditions, and it disproportionately affects some ethnic minority groups. Research has shown that there is an association between area environments and obesity, but no studies have explored the association between co-ethnic density and central obesity in the UK (United Kingdom). This paper addresses the following research question: Does the relationship between co-ethnic density/area deprivation and waist circumference differ by ethnic group in England?MethodsData come from 4 years of the cross-sectional Health Survey for England (1998, 1999, 2003, 2004) and linked area-level data from the 2001 Census. More recent data on objectively measured central obesity for a nationally representative sample of ethnic minorities does not exist. Multi-level modeling methods account for individual-level and area-level factors. Interaction models test the effect of area deprivation and co-ethnic density for each ethnic group compared with the White reference group.ResultsFor women, the relationship between area deprivation and waist circumference does not vary by ethnic group. For Indian and Bangladeshi men there is a decrease in waist circumference as area deprivation increases. There is an increase in waist circumference as co-ethnic density increases for Black Caribbean women. For Indian men there is a decrease in waist circumference as co-ethnic density increases.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which (1) increasing area-deprivation is protective for Indian and Bangladeshi men and (2) increasing co-ethnic density is associated with an increase in waist circumference for Black Caribbean women but a decrease in waist circumference among Indian men. Each of these results are important because (1) Indian and Bangladeshi men have an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome, which is linked to central obesity, and (2) Black Caribbean women have a higher risk of central obesity than the general population in England.

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“…The obesity epidemic, in particular, has disproportionately affected Black and Hispanic patients, with a higher prevalence of obesity in Black patients as compared with White patients, and with Black women having the highest odds of obesity of all racial and sex groups. 13 , 14 Black and Hispanic patients not only have a higher prevalence of obesity, but also an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease—for which obesity is an independent, modifiable risk factor. 15 , 16…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Racial Disparities in Preoperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Surgical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

Ibrahim

Tragesser

Soans

et al. 2022

JAHA

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Background We investigated preoperative referral patterns, rates of cardiovascular testing, surgical wait times, and postoperative outcomes in White versus Black, Hispanic, or other racial or ethnic groups of patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery. Methods and Results This was a single center retrospective cohort analysis of 797 consecutive patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery from January 2014 to December 2018; 86% (n=682) were Black, Hispanic, or other racial or ethnic groups. White versus Black, Hispanic, or other racial or ethnic groups had similar baseline comorbidities and were referred for preoperative cardiovascular evaluation in similar proportion (65% versus 68%, P =0.529). Black, Hispanic, or other racial or ethnic groups of patients were less likely to undergo preoperative cardiovascular testing (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33–0.95; P =0.031; adjusted for Revised Cardiac Risk Index OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.35–0.996; P =0.049). White patients had a shorter wait time for surgery (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.7; 95% CI, 0.58–0.87; P =0.001; adjusted HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.56–0.95; P =0.018). Reduction in body mass index at 6 months was greater in White patients (12.9 kg/m 2 versus 12.0 kg/m 2 , P =0.0289), but equivalent at 1 year (14.9 kg/m 2 versus 14.3 kg/m 2 , P =0.330). Conclusions White versus Black, Hispanic, or other racial or ethnic groups of patients were referred for preoperative cardiovascular evaluation in similar proportion. White patients underwent more preoperative cardiac testing yet had a shorter wait time for surgery. Early weight loss was greater in White patients, but equivalent between groups at 12 months.

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Does the ethnic density effect extend to obesity? A cross-sectional study of 415 166 adults in east London

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Risk factors for non-communicable diseases related to obesity among first- and second-generation Bangladeshi migrants living in north-east or south-east England

Risk factors for non-communicable diseases related to obesity among first- and second-generation Bangladeshi migrants living in north-east or south-east England

Ethnic density and area-deprivation effects on central obesity among ethnic minority people in England—A cross-sectional, multi-level analysis

Impact of Racial Disparities in Preoperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Surgical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

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