Does the gelation temperature or the sulfuric acid concentration influence the dosimetric properties of radiochromic PVA-GTA Xylenol Orange Fricke gels?

Gallo, Salvatore; Gambarini, G.; Veronese, I.; Argentiere, Simona; Gargano, Marco; Ianni, Luca; Lenardi, Cristina; Ludwig, Nicola; Pignoli, E.; D’Errico, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.03.014

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…PVA-GTA Fricke gels have an R 1 -dose sensitivity around 0.025 s −1 .Gy −1 , approximately double that of standard agarose Fricke gels independent of the temperature during irradiation [ 128 ]. The R 1 -dose sensitivity increases further with another factor of 3 after addition of xylenol orange [ 129 , 130 , 131 ]. No significant changes in the dose sensitivity or ion diffusion coefficient were found for xylenol orange PVA-GTA Fricke gels prepared at different gelation temperatures between 6 °C and 42 °C.…”

Section: Fricke Gel Dosimetersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Dosimetry by Use of Radiosensitive Hydrogels and Polymers: Mechanisms, State-of-the-Art and Perspective from 3D to 4D

Deene

2022

Gels

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Gel dosimetry was developed in the 1990s in response to a growing need for methods to validate the radiation dose distribution delivered to cancer patients receiving high-precision radiotherapy. Three different classes of gel dosimeters were developed and extensively studied. The first class of gel dosimeters is the Fricke gel dosimeters, which consist of a hydrogel with dissolved ferrous ions that oxidize upon exposure to ionizing radiation. The oxidation results in a change in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation, which makes it possible to read out Fricke gel dosimeters by use of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The radiation-induced oxidation in Fricke gel dosimeters can also be visualized by adding an indicator such as xylenol orange. The second class of gel dosimeters is the radiochromic gel dosimeters, which also exhibit a color change upon irradiation but do not use a metal ion. These radiochromic gel dosimeters do not demonstrate a significant radiation-induced change in NMR properties. The third class is the polymer gel dosimeters, which contain vinyl monomers that polymerize upon irradiation. Polymer gel dosimeters are predominantly read out by quantitative MRI or X-ray CT. The accuracy of the dosimeters depends on both the physico-chemical properties of the gel dosimeters and on the readout technique. Many different gel formulations have been proposed and discussed in the scientific literature in the last three decades, and scanning methods have been optimized to achieve an acceptable accuracy for clinical dosimetry. More recently, with the introduction of the MR-Linac, which combines an MRI-scanner and a clinical linear accelerator in one, it was shown possible to acquire dose maps during radiation, but new challenges arise.

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Section: Fricke Gel Dosimetersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Dosimetry by Use of Radiosensitive Hydrogels and Polymers: Mechanisms, State-of-the-Art and Perspective from 3D to 4D

Deene

2022

Gels

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“…One of the most relevant matrix modifications may be the crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol with glutaraldehyde for Fricke-based dosimetry [ 119 ]; in this case, the main motivation was simplifying the gelling process of PVA by using a similar approach consistent with that used in glutaraldehyde and gelatin. Moreover, the influence of gelling temperature on this type of matrix was studied by Gallo et al [ 26 , 120 ]. An extensive and complete revision of these types of dosimeters can be found elsewhere [ 12 ].…”

Section: Chemical and Physical Interactions Present In Gel Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Overview of Gel Dosimetry Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Macchione

Páez

Strumia

et al. 2022

Gels

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Advances in radiotherapy technology during the last 25 years have significantly improved both dose conformation to tumors and the preservation of healthy tissues, achieving almost real-time feedback by means of high-precision treatments and theranostics. Owing to this, developing high-performance systems capable of coping with the challenging requirements of modern ionizing radiation is a key issue to overcome the limitations of traditional dosimeters. In this regard, a deep understanding of the physicochemical basis of gel dosimetry, as one of the most promising tools for the evaluation of 3D high-spatial-resolution dose distributions, represents the starting point for developing new and innovative systems. This review aims to contribute thorough descriptions of the chemical processes and interactions that condition gel dosimetry outputs, often phenomenologically addressed, and particularly formulations reported since 2017.

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“…Indeed, GTA-PVA gel is a well-known matrix able to mimic efficiently the physiological thermal properties of tissues [19]. The procedure used for the hydrogel preparation, described in detail elsewhere [20,21], is here briefly summarized. PVA-GTA hydrogel was prepared by mixing a PVA solution with a GTA solution.…”

Section: Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic stimulation of gold fiducial markers used in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy: Evidences of hyperthermia effects

et al. 2020

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Does the gelation temperature or the sulfuric acid concentration influence the dosimetric properties of radiochromic PVA-GTA Xylenol Orange Fricke gels?

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Radiation Dosimetry by Use of Radiosensitive Hydrogels and Polymers: Mechanisms, State-of-the-Art and Perspective from 3D to 4D

Radiation Dosimetry by Use of Radiosensitive Hydrogels and Polymers: Mechanisms, State-of-the-Art and Perspective from 3D to 4D

Chemical Overview of Gel Dosimetry Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Magnetic stimulation of gold fiducial markers used in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy: Evidences of hyperthermia effects

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