Does the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol Work Well in Wireless Body Area Networks?

Nepal, Sabita; Dahal, Saurav; Shin, Seokjoo

doi:10.18178/jacn.2016.4.1.203

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Each sensor in the WBAN system has its own energy, memory, computation, and bandwidth constraints [ 30 ]. When sensor nodes exchange their data with each other rather than sensing, a large amount of energy is consumed, and due to the nature and operational limits of the application, recharging or replacing batteries is neither practicable nor desirable [ 31 , 32 ]. A forwarder (FWD) node's transmission energy can be computed as:

where “£” is the data aggregation factor, “

” denotes the total number of nodes,“ Ῥ ” indicates the size of the packet, and “ đ ” is the distance between forwarder nodes, and sink is denoted by this value.…”

Section: Research Issues and Challenges In Wbanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the design of routing protocols for WBAN, scalability is also an important element to be considered in the application development. Scalability refers to a network's ability to add or remove devices without causing significant changes to network's structure or operations [ 31 ]. To put it another way, the protocol should be scalable and flexible to numerous alterations that may occur in WBAN owing to the addition of additional sensor devices from time to time [ 45 ].…”

Section: Research Issues and Challenges In Wbanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Efficiency and Reliability Considerations in Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey

Ullah

Khan

Mehmood

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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In this paper, we have reviewed and presented a critical overview of “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” in the field of wireless body area networks (WBANs). In addition, we have theoretically analysed the importance of energy efficiency and reliability and how it affects the stability and lifetime of WBANs. WBAN is a type of wireless sensor network (WSN) that is unique, wherever energy-efficient operations are one of the prime challenges, because each sensor node operates on battery, and where an excessive amount of communication consumes more energy than perceiving. Moreover, timely and reliable data delivery is essential in all WBAN applications. Moreover, the most frequent types of energy-efficient routing protocols include crosslayer, thermal-aware, cluster-based, quality-of-service, and postural movement-based routing protocols. According to the literature review, clustering-based routing algorithms are the best choice for WBAhinwidth, and low memory WBAN, in terms of more computational overhead and complexity. Thus, the routing techniques used in WBAN should be capable of energy-efficient communication at desired reliability to ensure the improved stability period and network lifetime. Therefore, we have highlighted and critically analysed various performance issues of the existing “energy-efficient and reliable routing solutions” for WBANs. Furthermore, we identified and compiled a tabular representation of the reviewed solutions based on the most appropriate strategy and performance parameters for WBAN. Finally, concerning to reliability and energy efficiency in WBANs, we outlined a number of issues and challenges that needs further consideration while devising new solutions for clustered-based WBANs.

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where “£” is the data aggregation factor, “

” denotes the total number of nodes,“ Ῥ ” indicates the size of the packet, and “ đ ” is the distance between forwarder nodes, and sink is denoted by this value.…”

Section: Research Issues and Challenges In Wbanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Issues and Challenges In Wbanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency and Reliability Considerations in Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey

Ullah

Khan

Mehmood

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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“…On-demand traffic is further categorized as continuous and non-continuous. Further, normal traffic is categorized as low, medium, and high priority to fulfill the requirements of different applications of WBANs [ 39 ]. The classification used in TAP-MAC is illustrated in Figure 3 .…”

Section: Traffic-adaptive Priority-based Mac (Tap-mac) Design and mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fair Contention Access Scheme for Low-Priority Traffic in Wireless Body Area Networks

Henna

Sajeel

Bashir

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Recently, wireless body area networks (WBANs) have attracted significant consideration in ubiquitous healthcare. A number of medium access control (MAC) protocols, primarily derived from the superframe structure of the IEEE 802.15.4, have been proposed in literature. These MAC protocols aim to provide quality of service (QoS) by prioritizing different traffic types in WBANs. A contention access period (CAP)with high contention in priority-based MAC protocols can result in higher number of collisions and retransmissions. During CAP, traffic classes with higher priority are dominant over low-priority traffic; this has led to starvation of low-priority traffic, thus adversely affecting WBAN throughput, delay, and energy consumption. Hence, this paper proposes a traffic-adaptive priority-based superframe structure that is able to reduce contention in the CAP period, and provides a fair chance for low-priority traffic. Simulation results in ns-3 demonstrate that the proposed MAC protocol, called traffic- adaptive priority-based MAC (TAP-MAC), achieves low energy consumption, high throughput, and low latency compared to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, and the most recent priority-based MAC protocol, called priority-based MAC protocol (PA-MAC).

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“…It has been extensively explored that IEEE 802.15.4 works perfectly in WBANs. 4 A patient's chronic diseases can now be monitored regularly by advanced technologies like WBANs. [5][6][7][8] In WBANs, sensor nodes accurately monitor the patient's vital signs and pass on the information to the coordinator node for further processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic swift association scheme for wireless body area networks

Sheraz

Bangash

Khan

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Among numerous promising applications of wireless sensor networks is wireless body area networks. Wireless body area networks are used for real-time vital signs monitoring of patients in a remote setting. In addition to their dedicated sensing tasks, the implanted sensor nodes need to effectively utilize their resources to enhance the lifetime of the network. For wireless body area networks, IEEE 802.15.4 low data rate low-power wireless Personal Area Networks (PANs) standard is adopted. The said standard uses fixed superframe structure operation, which restricts the movement of the nodes, and has degraded performance in the mobility of nodes. Two superframe parameters, ie, beacon order and superframe order, decide the beacon interval and duty cycle of the standard. Both beacon order and superframe order have a strong impact on the performance of network parameters. In this research work, a dynamic swift association scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of a mobile node with a scenario where node moves from its parent PAN and joins the neighbor PAN. Dynamic swift association scheme is compared with IEEE 802.15.4 in terms of association time, association success rate, average throughput, and energy consumption. Simulation results using network simulator version 2 confirm superior performance of dynamic swift association scheme against IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

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Does the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol Work Well in Wireless Body Area Networks?

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Energy Efficiency and Reliability Considerations in Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey

Energy Efficiency and Reliability Considerations in Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey

A Fair Contention Access Scheme for Low-Priority Traffic in Wireless Body Area Networks

A dynamic swift association scheme for wireless body area networks

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