Does the Surgical Approach Influence the Canal Fill of the Proximal Femur for Hip Arthroplasty?

Abstract

Background Choosing the right size of the stem is crucial for uncemented hip arthroplasty. Undersizing can lead to early loosening, peri-prosthetic fracture due to femoral implant insertion, and/or osteointegration failure. The main objective of this study was to find a correlation between the surgical approach and the intramedullary prosthetic canal fill ratio (CFR) of the uncemented femoral implant. The hypothesis of this work was that the surgical approach does not influence the stem sizing during hip arthroplasty. Methods In this consecutive series, we analyzed the radiological images of 183 patients who underwent primary hip arthroplasty with 4 different surgical approaches. Dimensions of the implant were evaluated by radiographic measurement of the CFR. In order to assess the shape of the femur, we measured the canal flare index on the preoperative radiographs, and the canal calcar ratio was also measured to establish the shape of the femur according to Dorr's classification. Results No significant difference was found between the surgical approach and the CFR measured at 4 different levels (CFR 1, 2, 3, and 4) on the postoperative radiograph. When the shape of the femur was assessed by canal flare index, there was no significant difference in implant, whether the femur had a stovepipe canal shape or a champagne-fluted canal shape. Conclusion This study showed that the surgical approach in hip arthroplasty does not influence the canal fill. Therefore, the surgical approach does not factor in undersizing the femoral implant. Despite some difficulties in the exposure of the medullary shaft described by some authors, the anterior approach is not a risk factor for undersizing an anatomical femoral stem. Level of evidence 4

Surgical approach had minor association with femoral stem migration in total hip arthroplasty: radiostereometric analysis of 61 patients after 5-year follow-up

“…1 study reported no influence of surgical approach on the canal fill of the proximal femur [24]. Another reported increased risk of stem undersizing with AA [25].…”

Anatomical Features of the Proximal Femur in the Turkish Population

“…The proximal femur is an anatomical structure that transitions from the wide metaphyseal region to the diaphyseal region in a narrowing shape, and it has many anatomical variations (Mattesi et al, 2021). It has been shown that the success of hip joint reconstructions is closely related to implant design and that the diameter of the nail to be used is important for the union of femur fractures (Fessy et al, 1997).…”