“…There were no other significant relationships or tendencies between hormones and behavioural or ERP measures (all r < 0.29, all p > 0.23).Figure 8( a ) The relationship between salivary 17ß-estradiol level and performance accuracy; ( b ) salivary progesterone level and response time in naturally cycling women. Reprinted from 92 , with permission from Elsevier.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…( a ) The relationship between salivary 17ß-estradiol level and performance accuracy; ( b ) salivary progesterone level and response time in naturally cycling women. Reprinted from 92 , with permission from Elsevier.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Participants were instructed to respond with the dominant hand: a green button for identical and a red for mirror figures. Reprinted from 92 with permission from Elsevier.…”
Mental rotation of 3D objects demonstrates one of the largest sex differences. We investigated sex and sex hormones-related differences in behaviour and event related potentials (ERP) using a modified Shepard and Metzler task composed of sequentially presented 3D figures in 29 men and 32 women. We demonstrated a significant increase in response time and decrease in both accuracy and positivity of the parietal ERP with increasing angular disparity between the figures. Higher angular disparity evoked an increase of global field power (GFP) from 270 to 460 ms and different activation topographies from 470 to 583 ms with lower parietal, but higher left frontal positivity. Flatter slopes in higher angular disparity condition suggest distinct strategies being implemented depending on the difficulty of the rotation. Men performed the task more accurately than women. Performance accuracy in women tended to be negatively related to estradiol while the response time tended to increase with increasing progesterone. There were no associations with testosterone. Women demonstrated higher GFP and an increased positivity over the parietal scalp area, while men showed higher activation in the left frontal cortex. Together these findings indicate dynamic angular disparity- and sex-related differences in brain activity during mental rotation of 3D figures.
“…There were no other significant relationships or tendencies between hormones and behavioural or ERP measures (all r < 0.29, all p > 0.23).Figure 8( a ) The relationship between salivary 17ß-estradiol level and performance accuracy; ( b ) salivary progesterone level and response time in naturally cycling women. Reprinted from 92 , with permission from Elsevier.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…( a ) The relationship between salivary 17ß-estradiol level and performance accuracy; ( b ) salivary progesterone level and response time in naturally cycling women. Reprinted from 92 , with permission from Elsevier.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Participants were instructed to respond with the dominant hand: a green button for identical and a red for mirror figures. Reprinted from 92 with permission from Elsevier.…”
Mental rotation of 3D objects demonstrates one of the largest sex differences. We investigated sex and sex hormones-related differences in behaviour and event related potentials (ERP) using a modified Shepard and Metzler task composed of sequentially presented 3D figures in 29 men and 32 women. We demonstrated a significant increase in response time and decrease in both accuracy and positivity of the parietal ERP with increasing angular disparity between the figures. Higher angular disparity evoked an increase of global field power (GFP) from 270 to 460 ms and different activation topographies from 470 to 583 ms with lower parietal, but higher left frontal positivity. Flatter slopes in higher angular disparity condition suggest distinct strategies being implemented depending on the difficulty of the rotation. Men performed the task more accurately than women. Performance accuracy in women tended to be negatively related to estradiol while the response time tended to increase with increasing progesterone. There were no associations with testosterone. Women demonstrated higher GFP and an increased positivity over the parietal scalp area, while men showed higher activation in the left frontal cortex. Together these findings indicate dynamic angular disparity- and sex-related differences in brain activity during mental rotation of 3D figures.
“…There is increasing evidence suggesting that OC use influences cognition. Verbal memory seems to be most consistently facilitated by all OCs, whereas spatial ability is only enhanced in users of pills with androgenic progestins . There is also indication that OC use decreases verbal fluency .…”
Cognitive neuroscience research has traditionally overlooked half of the population. Arguing that variability in ovarian hormones confounds empirical findings, girls and women have been excluded from research for decades. But times are changing. This review summarizes historical trends that have led to a knowledge gap in the role of ovarian hormones in neuroscience, synthesizes recent findings on ovarian hormone contributions to cognitive brain structures and function, and highlights areas ripe for future work. This is accomplished by reviewing research that has leveraged natural experiments in humans across the life span that focus on puberty, the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraceptive use, menopause, and menopausal hormone therapy. Although findings must be considered in light of study designs (e.g., sample characteristics and group comparisons versus randomized crossover trials), across natural experiments there is consistent evidence for associations of estradiol with cortical thickness, especially in frontal regions, and hippocampal volumes, as well as with frontal regions during cognitive processing. There are also emerging investigations of resting state connectivity and progesterone along with exciting opportunities for future work, particularly concerning biopsychosocial moderators of and individual differences in effects in novel natural experiments. Thus, delineating complex ovarian hormone contributions to cognitive brain structures and function will advance neuroscience.
“…However, there is reason to believe that also synthetic sex hormones could have a significant neural impact, particularly if taken when the young female brain is developing into its adult form. Behavioral effects of HC have been shown in cognitive tasks such as mental rotation and verbal expressional fluency (Beltz et al, 2015;Griksiene et al, 2018), and of more serious concern is the demonstrated association between these drugs and various affective adversities. Thus, Skovlund et al conducted a large national cohort study in Denmark, where they collected and compared data from the National Prescription Register and the Psychiatric Central Research Register.…”
Background: Hormonal contraceptive drugs are being used by adult and adolescent women all over the world. Convergent evidence from animal research indicates that contraceptive substances can alter both structure and function of the brain, yet such effects are not part of the public discourse or clinical decision-making concerning these drugs. We thus conducted a systematic review of the neuroimaging literature to assess the current evidence of hormonal contraceptive influence on the human brain. Methods: The review was registered in PROSPERO and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA criteria for systematic reviews. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies concerning the use of hormonal contraceptives, indexed in Embase, PubMed and/or PsycINFO until February 2020 were included, following a comprehensive and systematic search based on predetermined selection criteria. Results: A total of 33 articles met the inclusion criteria. Ten of these were structural studies, while 23 were functional investigations. Only one study investigated effects on an adolescent sample. The quality of the articles varied as many had methodological challenges as well as partially unfounded theoretical claims. However, most of the included neuroimaging studies found functional and/or structural brain changes associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives. Conclusion: The included studies identified structural and functional changes in areas involved in affective and cognitive processing, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus. However, only one study reported primary research on a purely adolescent sample. Thus, there is a need for further investigation of the implications of these findings, especially with regard to adolescent girls.
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