DoesAeromonas salmonicida affect the immune system of carp,Cyprinus carpio L.?

Pourreau, C. N.; Evenberg, D.; Raadt, W. M. de; Mechelen, J. A. N. van; Muiswinkel, W.B. van

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(86)90137-6

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The cause of a possible immune suppression in fish infected with atypical A , salmonicida could be strain specific, because in other experimental studies invasion of opportunistic pathogens has not been observed in injected fish (Dalsgaard & Paulsen 1986). In infection experiments on carp, opportunistic pathogens (previously isolated from ulcers) failed to produce ulcers in injected fish (Csaba et al 1980a, Evenberg et al 1986). In another study, A. hydrophila, isolated from ulcerated carp, produced clinical and pathological disease signs identical to CE, but the amount of bacteria injected or rubbed into scarified skin of carp was rather high (3.4 X log bacteria) (Sioutas et al 1991), making the experimental evidence questionable.…”

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was suggested that the injected atypical A. salmonicida strain caused an immunosuppressive effect on the challenged fish, allowing opportunistic pathogens to invade the fish (Wiklund 1995b). Evenberg et al (1986) concluded that the pathogenesis of CE caused by atypical Aeromonas salmonicida is characterised by a state of immune suppression in the infected fish. This may explain why opportunistic pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas sp., Vibno sp.…”

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been suggested that the mortality in carp populations was caused by invasion of opportunistic pathogens, facilitated by the immunosuppressive substances released by atypical A. salmonicida (Evenberg et al 1986, Pourreau et al 1986, Sovenyi et al 1988). …”

Section: Farmed Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may explain why opportunistic pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas sp., Vibno sp. and Vibrio anguillarum can be isolated from internal organs of moribund, seriously ulcerated fish or from fish injected with atypical strains (Csaba et al 1980a, Cornick et al 1984, Evenberg et al 1986, Wiklund 1995b, Gravningen et al 1996. The cause of a possible immune suppression in fish infected with atypical A , salmonicida could be strain specific, because in other experimental studies invasion of opportunistic pathogens has not been observed in injected fish (Dalsgaard & Paulsen 1986).…”

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species:a review

Wıklund¹,

Dalsgaard²

1998

Dis. Aquat. Org.

198

167

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ABSTRACT. Bacterial strains of Aeromonas salmonicida included in the recognized subsp. achromogenes, subsp. masoucida, and subsp. smithia in addition to the large number of strains not included in any of the described subspecies are referred to as atypical A. salmonicida. The atypical strains form a very heterogeneous group w~t h respect to biochemical characteristics, growth conditions, and production of extracellular proteases. Consequently, the present taxonomy of the species A. salmonicida is rather ambiguous. Atypical A. salmonicida has been isolated from a wide range of cultivated and wild fish species, non-salmonids as well as salrnonids, inhabiting fresh water, brackish water and marine environments in northern and central Europe, South Africa. North America. Japan and Australia. In non-salmonid fish species, infections with atypical strains often manifest themselves as superficial skin ulcerations. The best known diseases associated with atypical A. salmonicida are carp Cypnnus carpio erythrodermatitis, goldfish Carassius auratus ulcer disease, and ulcer disease of flounder Platichthys flesus, but atypical strains are apparently involved in more disease outbreaks than previously suspected. Macroscopical and microscopical studies of ulcerated fish indicate internal organs are infrequently invaded by atypical A. salmonicida. This view is supported by the fact that atypical strains are ~rregularly isolated from visceral organs of ulcerated fish. High mortality caused by atypical A. salmonicida has been observed in populations of wild non-salmonids and farmed salmon~ds, although the association between the mortality in the wild fish stocks and atypical A. salmonicida has not always been properly assessed. In injection experiments the pathogenicity of the atypical strains examined showed large variation. An extracellular A-layer has been detected in different atypical strains, but virulence mechanisms different from those described for (typical) A. salmonicida subsp. salrnonicida, for example an extracellular metallo-protease and a different iron utilization mechanism, have been described. Limited information is available about the ecology, spread and surv~val of atypical strains in water. The commonly used therapeutic methods for the control of diseases in farmed fish caused by atypical A. salrnonicida are generally effective against the atypical strains. Resistance to different antibiotics and transferable plasmids encoding multiple drug resistance have been observed in atypical A. salmonicida. Studies aimed at producing a vaccine against atypical strains are in progress.

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Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Farmed Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species:a review

Wıklund¹,

Dalsgaard²

1998

Dis. Aquat. Org.

198

167

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“…Ulcerative A. salmonicida infections occured in carp in addition to induced leukopenia and a state of immune suppression [26]. Similar suppression of the immune system (immunoglobulin significantly decreased) in carp infected with A. salmonicida was found by Pourreau et al [27]. However, the modulation of immunological parameters was reported in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) infected with A. salmonicida [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Aeromonas salmonicida infected fish transfer disease to healthy fish via water

Skrodenytė-Arbačiauskienė

Kazlauskienė

Vosylienė

et al. 2012

Open Life Sciences

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Experimental studies of infection transmission via water from infected to healthy fish were conducted. The dark-brown bacterial colonies typical for Aeromonas salmonicida on tryptone soya agar (TSA) have been isolated and counted (from 3.0±0.6x10) from the internal organs of naturally infected (NI) and experimentally infected (EI) perch and sea trout. No significant differences in dark-brown bacterial counts were detected between EI perch and EI sea trout. The assessment and comparison of the alterations of the biological parameters of EI European perch and sea trout with bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida with naturally infected perch were conducted. No mortality was recorded in groups of EI perch and sea trout. Whereas, the mortality of NI perch (collected from the main sites of outbreak of disease) was observed from the second day of the experiments. Changes in morphophysiological parameters of EI perch and sea trout were similar. Different alterations in blood cell parameters of EI fish were observed, and the most noticeable was the decrease (P≤0.01) in white blood cell count (WBC) of EI perch and sea trout. Based on these results it can be deduced that there is infection transmission of bacterium A. salmonicida from European perch via water to other fish species.

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The effects of short-term acute cadmium exposure on blue tilapia,Oreochromis aureus

1993

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SynopsisDisease-free blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus, exposed to cadmium (OSppm and 10ppm) showed very significant and dramatic decrease in food consumptions. Food consumptions returned to near normal 21 days after fish were returned to cadmium-free water. Along with anorexia there were decreases in body weights during the period when fish were exposed to cadmium. Fish in cadmium-free water that were pair-fed to cadmium-exposed fish (0.5 ppm) did not gain weight but there were no decreases in body weights. Cadmium was still in tissues 34 days after the fish were placed in cadmium-free water and the accumulation was highest in the kidney; this was followed by liver, brain, gill filaments and muscles. The accumulations of the heavy metal (in kidneys and gills) were significantly higher in fish exposed to high than low cadmium levels. There were no differences in complement levels (haemolytic acitivity) in cadmium-exposed and cadmium-free fish. However, cadmium-exposed fish did not produce detectable haemagglutinating antibodies against sheep red blood cells while cadmium-free fish responded well to the antigen. The anorexia in cadmium-exposed fish contributed to the depression in antibody production

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DoesAeromonas salmonicida affect the immune system of carp,Cyprinus carpio L.?

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species:a review

Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species:a review

Aeromonas salmonicida infected fish transfer disease to healthy fish via water

The effects of short-term acute cadmium exposure on blue tilapia,Oreochromis aureus

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