Dogs as Sentinels for Human Infection with Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Abstract

Because serosurveys of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among wild animals and pigs may not accurately reflect risk for humans in urban/residential areas, we examined seroprevalence among dogs and cats. We found that JEV-infected mosquitoes have spread throughout Japan and that dogs, but not cats, might be good sentinels for monitoring JEV infection in urban/residential areas.

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Japanese Encephalitis Virus

“…The screening of hybridomas was performed by either PRNT or indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using JEV/sw/Chiba/88/2002. PRNT was carried out as described previously [16,[19][20][21]. For IFA, fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM+IgG+IgA (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.) was used as a secondary antibody.…”

Experimental Infection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Dogs

“…We previously reported that 25% of dogs had virus-neutralizing (VN) antibodies against JEV, with particularly high seropositivities detected in the Kyushu (47%) and Shikoku (61%) districts of western Japan [11]. Despite the relative importance in sero-epidemiological studies, the duration of anti-JEV antibodies after JEV infection in dogs remains unknown.…”

“…VN titers of JaOH0566 were measured as described previously [8,11]. The results showed that until day 21 postinfection in dogs No.…”

“…Virus infectivity was measured by the plaque formation assay using Vero9013 cells (JCRB number; JCRB9013) [8,11]. While no clinical signs or increase in body temperature were observed during the observation period, transient decreases in body weight was observed on day 2 postinfection (dogs No.…”

Full Genome Sequence and Virulence Analyses of the Recent Equine Isolate of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

“…Titration was performed in a conventional plaque assay with Vero9013 cells [15,18]. RNA was extracted from virus-infected C6/ 36 cells using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Tokyo, Japan), reverse-transcribed by AMV reverse transcriptase with a random primer (Takara, Tokyo, Japan), and then used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with LA Taq DNA polymerase (Takara), and primer pairs reported by Yun et al [24].…”