Domain Formation and Domain Wall Motions in Ferroelectric BaTi<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Single Crystals

Merz, Walter J.

doi:10.1103/physrev.95.690

Cited by 1,246 publications

(586 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The dependence of the electric field and the temperature on the switching time and the switching current has been investigated in Merz [29] by means of experiments for BaTiO 3 single-crystals. A reduction in switching time, and consequently an increase of the switching current, has been noticed for increasing temperatures at constant electric field in that study.…”

Section: Rate-dependent Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on rate-dependent switching effects of piezoelectric materials using a finite element model

Arockiarajan

Delibas

Menzel

et al. 2006

Computational Materials Science

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The main goal of this paper consists in the modeling of rate-dependent behavior of piezoelectric materials within a three-dimensional finite element setting. We propose a rate-dependent polarization framework which is applied to cyclic electrical loading at various frequencies. The reduction in free energy of a grain is used as a criterion for the onset of the domain switching process. Nucleation in new grains and propagation of the domain walls during domain switching is modeled by a linear kinetics theory. Averaging over all individual grains renders the macroscopic response of the bulk material. Intergranular effects, which are essential for realistic simulations, are phenomenologically captured via a probabilistic approach. The presented numerical examples, as based on the proposed three-dimensional finite element framework, are related to the simulation of PIC-151 ceramics. In particular, averaged electric displacement versus electric field curves are plotted and compared with experimental data reported in the literature.

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Section: Rate-dependent Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical time parameter, which can also be interpreted as the minimum time required for the quasi-static case, is called the limit time Dt l . Based on experimental results, Merz [29] suggested the following relation:…”

Section: Rate-dependent Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on rate-dependent switching effects of piezoelectric materials using a finite element model

Arockiarajan

Delibas

Menzel

et al. 2006

Computational Materials Science

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“…Polarization switching and kinetics of it in the grains of piezoelectric materials are dependent on the frequency of the cyclic loading. The influences of the loading rate on the electric displacement and mechanical strain are observed by various researches in the literature using either experiments or modeling [1] - [4]. In this paper, the rate dependent properties of PIC151 piezoelectric materials are investigated using a two-dimensional micromechanical model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation model of piezoelectric materials

Delibas

Arockiarajan

Seemann³

2005

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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Polarization switching inside grains is time dependent. When external applied loading is not quasi-static, macroscopic properties of piezoelectric materials changes with the rate of loading. In this paper, a 2-D micromechanical model is proposed in order to simulate the rate dependent properties of certain perovskite type tetragonal piezoelectric materials based on linear constitutive, nonlinear domain switching, intergranular effects and kinetics models. The material is electrically loaded with an alternating voltage of various frequencies. For the onset of domain switching, energy equation is implemented. Propagation of the domain wall during domain switching in grains is modeled by means of exponential kinetics relation after domain nucleation. Mechanical strain butterfly loops under different frequencies (0.01Hz-1Hz) are simulated. The model gives important insights into the rate dependency of the piezoelectric materials that have been observed in some experiments reported in the literature.

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“…The surface polarization charge can be screened by a variety of mechanisms including adsorbate species, 2,3 intrinsic defects, 4 free charge carriers, surface and near-surface structural changes (rumpling, relaxation, and reconstruction), and domain ordering. 5 The latter reduces the energy of the system by screening the depolarizing field through ordering of the FE domains with antiparallel dipole moments. 6 The depolarizing field in one domain is screened by the electric fields of adjacent domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The particular domain ordering is dependent on sample history and can include both 180 • (antiparallel) and 90 • (top to tail) domain walls. 5,9 Surface rumpling and interplanar relaxation must also be considered for each type of domain. Surface structural modifications have been the subject of theoretical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray photoelectron diffraction study of relaxation and rumpling of ferroelectric domains in BaTiO3(001)

et al. 2013

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The surface of a ferroelectric BaTiO 3 (001) single crystal was studied using synchrotron radiation induced x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). AFM, XPS, and LEED show that the surface is BaO terminated with a (1×1) reconstruction. The Ba 4d, Ti 2p, and O 1s XPD results were compared with multiple scattering simulations for out-of-(P + ,P − ) and in-plane (P in ) polarizations using a genetic algorithm to determine atomic rumpling and interlayer relaxation. Linear combinations of the XPD simulations of the surface structure of each polarization state allow determination of the domain ordering. The best agreement with experiment is found for 55% P + , 38% P − , and 7% P in . The rumpling is smaller at the surface than in the bulk, suggesting that both domain ordering and surface structural changes contribute to screening of the polarization.

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Domain Formation and Domain Wall Motions in Ferroelectric BaTiO3Single Crystals

Cited by 1,246 publications

References 13 publications

Studies on rate-dependent switching effects of piezoelectric materials using a finite element model

Studies on rate-dependent switching effects of piezoelectric materials using a finite element model

Relaxation model of piezoelectric materials

X-ray photoelectron diffraction study of relaxation and rumpling of ferroelectric domains in BaTiO3(001)

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