Donor-Acceptor Oligoenes with a Locked all-trans Conformation: Synthesis and Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties

Abstract

Reachability testing is an approach to verifying concurrent programs. During reachability testing, every partially ordered synchronization sequence of a program with a given input is exercised exactly once. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a distributed reachability testing algorithm for a cluster of workstations. This algorithm allows different test sequences to be exercised concurrently by different workstations without any synchronization, and without any duplication of sequences among workstations. Dynamic load balancing is performed using a work‐stealing scheme. A novel aspect of this scheme is that work‐stealing requests progress in rounds. This round‐based structure identifies overloaded workstations to target for work stealing. Empirical studies show good speedup for four benchmark Java programs and one Lotos specification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Enhanced cyanine solar cell performance upon oxygen doping

“…Because of their unique optical properties, they have more recently been applied in non-linear optics [2][3][4], in data storage devices [5], as fluorescent probes in biomolecules [6] or as contrast agents in optical imaging of tissue [7]. Redox properties of cyanine dyes have also been extensively studied with respect to their role as sensitizer or desensitizer for silver halides [8].…”

Increasing Photovoltaic Performance of an Organic Cationic Chromophore by Anion Exchange

“…The first report on the synthesis of cyanine dyes dates back to 1856 and the first application of such organic salts was as color sensitizer in photography 5. Since then, more applications emerged in the field of life sciences as fluorescent marker reagents,6, 7 nonlinear optics,8, 9 data storage in CD‐R,10, 11, 12 and as organic semiconductors in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and photodiodes 3, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18…”

Rigidified malononitrile- and ketone-merocyanines in rigid environments

“…Organic functional dyes recently attracted much attention as novel functional materials with a wide range of applications, for example in molecular memories and switches, food storage, photosensitive pharmaceutics, photodynamic tumour pharmaceutics, dye-sensitized optical elements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Current research challenges are prediction, optimization and ultimately control of their physical properties, such as optical absorption, emission, long-term stability, processability and reproducibility.…”

“…Merocyanines (MCs) are interesting organic dyes due to the complex solvatochromism of their absorption and fluorescence and their non-linear optical properties [7][8][9]. MCs are chemically designed by linking an electron-donor with electronwithdrawing functional group by a conjugated chain (Fig.…”

“…It was shown that conformational changes and isomerization of MCs directly correlate with decreased long-term stability, which is a strong limitation to practical applications. One way to overcome these problems is to increase the rigidity of the flexible chromophoric unit, thus decrease its conformational flexibility [8]. This interesting concept was recently applied in the synthesis of chemically rigidified derivatives containing ketones or malononitriles (Fig.…”