Dopamine and anorexia nervosa

Södersten, P.; Bergh, Cecilia; Leon, Michael; Zandian, Modjtaba

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.003

Cited by 53 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Although the possible role of dopamine in AN is still controversial (O'Hara et al, 2015; Peng et al, 2016; Södersten et al, 2016), a number of studies evidenced an altered serotoninergic activity in AN (Kumar et al, 2010; Calati et al, 2011; Jean et al, 2012; Chen et al, 2015) and demonstrated the role of the 5-HT receptors located in the hypothalamus in food intake and body weight control (Compan et al, 2012; Haleem, 2012). In this view, the 5-HT impairment may have a clinical role in explaining the insufficient food consumption in AN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa: Serotonin Dysfunctions Link Self-Starvation with Body Image Disturbances through an Impaired Body Memory

Riva

2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) is still unclear, despite that it is a critical and potentially mortal illness. A recent neurobiological model considers AN as the outcome of dysfunctions in the neuronal processes related to appetite and emotionality (Kaye et al., 2009, 2013). However, this model still is not able to answer a critical question: What is behind body image disturbances (BIDs) in AN? The article starts its analysis from reviewing some of the studies exploring the effects of the serotonin systems in memory (episodic, working, and spatial) and its dysfunctions. The review suggests that serotonin disturbances may: (a) facilitate the encoding of third person (allocentric) episodic memories; (b) facilitate the consolidation of emotional episodic memories (e.g., teasing), if preceded by repeated stress; (c) reduce voluntary inhibition of mnestic contents; (d) impair allocentric spatial memory. If we discuss these results within the interpretative frame suggested by the “Allocentric Lock Hypothesis” (Riva, 2012, 2014), we can hypothesize that altered serotoninergic activity in AN patients: (i) improves their ability to store and consolidate negative autobiographical memories, including those of their body, in allocentric perspective; (ii) impairs their ability to trigger voluntary inhibition of the previously stored negative memory of the body; (iii) impairs their capacity to retrieve/update allocentric information. Taken together, these points suggest a possible link between serotonin dysfunctions, memory impairments and BIDs: the impossibility of updating a disturbed body memory using real time experiential data—I'm locked to a wrong body stored in long term memory—pushes AN patients to control body weight and shape even when underweight.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa: Serotonin Dysfunctions Link Self-Starvation with Body Image Disturbances through an Impaired Body Memory

Riva

2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…20, 21, 22, 65, 66, 67 However, the literature remains unsettled regarding these hypotheses. 68, 69 Since mood and motor activity, food intake, decision-making abilities, reinforcement and reward are features directly affected by disruptions in the serotonin and/or dopamine pathways, we decided to investigate not only these systems but a broader neurotransmitter expression profile in neurons derived from AN patients. No substantial expression changes were found either among serotonin- nor among dopamine-related genes in our culture system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling anorexia nervosa: transcriptional insights from human iPSC-derived neurons

et al. 2017

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and multifactorial disorder occurring predominantly in women. Despite having the highest mortality among psychiatric conditions, it still lacks robust and effective treatment. Disorders such as AN are most likely syndromes with multiple genetic contributions, however, genome-wide studies have been underpowered to reveal associations with this uncommon illness. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adolescent females with AN and unaffected controls. These iPSCs were differentiated into neural cultures and subjected to extensive transcriptome analysis. Within a small cohort of patients who presented for treatment, we identified a novel gene that appears to contribute to AN pathophysiology, TACR1 (tachykinin 1 receptor). The participation of tachykinins in a variety of biological processes and their interactions with other neurotransmitters suggest novel mechanisms for how a disrupted tachykinin system might contribute to AN symptoms. Although TACR1 has been associated with psychiatric conditions, especially anxiety disorders, we believe this report is its first association with AN. Moreover, our human iPSC approach is a proof-of-concept that AN can be modeled in vitro with a full human genetic complement, and represents a new tool for understanding the elusive molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the disease.

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“…A major issue in research on the neurobiological basis of AN, is the fact that anorectics are food deprived 12 . Hence, neural alterations might correspond to consequences rather than causes in these patients 13 (e.g., appetitive conditioning using food as a reward increases dopamine levels in mesolimbic neurons 14 , and also hunger related hormones act on them 15 . Some authors have consistently stated that individuals with AN have anxious, inhibited, and inflexible premorbid traits, probably due to altered monoamine neuronal modulation, or an impaired dorsal caudate function, that predates the onset of the disorder.…”

Section: Neurobiological Basis Of Body Image Distortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The delusional dimension of anorexia nervosa: phenomenological, neurobiological and clinical perspectives

Behar

Arancibia

Gaete

et al. 2018

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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Background: Delusional characteristics have been largely ignored in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN). Objectives: To review the literature on delusional features in AN from phenomenological, neurobiological, and clinical viewpoints. Methods: Data were obtained through searches of Medline, PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane Library. Results: Distorted beliefs in AN may range from an overvalued idea to an overt delusion, involving affective, personality and/or psychotic disorders. Studies confirm alterations in monoaminergic systems. It has also been seen a decreased integration of visual/proprioceptive information, and alterations in neural networks involved in body processing. It is known that body image distortion may present "delusional proportions" as a consequence of great concern about body. Concomitantly, "embodied defence hypothesis" has been proposed. Restrictive AN exhibits higher levels of delusionality, and a particular delusional type of AN has been suggested, associated with a worse long-term outcome. Low doses of atypical antipsychotics are recommended combined with cognitive techniques. Discussion: Delusional thinking in AN is likely a dynamic and dimensional phenomenon that can vary, both in nature and/or severity, whereas high insight levels, before and after refeeding, result in positive outcomes. Neurobiological research on this topic must be encouraged, since clinical and phenomenological approaches are comparatively more frequently reported.

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Dopamine and anorexia nervosa

Cited by 53 publications

References 76 publications

Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa: Serotonin Dysfunctions Link Self-Starvation with Body Image Disturbances through an Impaired Body Memory

Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa: Serotonin Dysfunctions Link Self-Starvation with Body Image Disturbances through an Impaired Body Memory

Modeling anorexia nervosa: transcriptional insights from human iPSC-derived neurons

The delusional dimension of anorexia nervosa: phenomenological, neurobiological and clinical perspectives

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