Dopamine levels in human tear fluid

Sharma, Naomi L.; Acharya, Suraj Kumar; Nair, Archana Padmanabhan; Matalia, Jyoti; Shetty, Rohit; Ghosh, Arkasubhra; Sethu, Swaminathan

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_568_18

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The concentration of DA in the tear samples was estimated from this calibration plot by mapping the observed current response to the specific concentration. The DA levels in the collected tear samples varied between 4 and 7 nM, which is in good agreement with typical DA levels found in healthy individuals …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The DA levels in the collected tear samples varied between 4 and 7 nM, which is in good agreement with typical DA levels found in healthy individuals. 56 An additional step was taken to confirm and validate the DA concentration in the tear samples. This verification was achieved by measuring the DA level in the collected tear samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS) with MRM, a highly precise analytical technique commonly employed for the identification and quantification of various compounds.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Efficient Dopamine Sensing with a Carbon Nanotube-Encapsulated Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructure

Singh,

Wu,

Lagemann

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Carbon nanotube-encapsulated nickel selenide composite nanostructures were used as nonenzymatic electrochemical sensors for dopamine detection. These composite nanostructures were synthesized through a simple, one-step, and environmentally friendly chemical vapor deposition method, wherein the CNTs were formed in situ from pyrolysis of a carbon-rich metallo-organic precursor. The composition and morphology of these hybrid NiSe 2 -filled carbon nanostructures were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the as-synthesized hybrid nanostructures exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic performance toward dopamine oxidation, with a high sensitivity of 19.62 μA μM −1 cm −2 , low detection limit, broad linear range of 5 nM−640 μM, and high selectivity. The synergistic effects of enhanced electrochemical activity of nickel selenide along with the enhanced conductivity of carbon nanotubes led to the high electrocatalytic efficiency for these nanostructured composites. The high sensitivity and selectivity of this nanostructured composite could be exploited to develop simple, selective, and sensitive electrochemical sensors to detect and quantify dopamine in human tear samples with high reliability. This nanotube-encapsulated sensor, hence, paves the way for discoveries in the development of dopamine sensors with low cost and high stability, which can be used for noninvasive dopamine detection in peripheral bodily fluids.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Dopamine Sensing with a Carbon Nanotube-Encapsulated Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructure

Singh,

Wu,

Lagemann

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…It is also essential to consider that a single sampling method may not be ideal for all scenarios. Side-by-side comparisons have shown that Schirmer strips collect more proteins than glass capillary tubes 156,157 , glass capillary tubes collect more metabolites than Schirmer strips 89,158 , Schirmer strips and glass capillaries offer comparable coverage of the tear uid lipidome 89 , and polytetra uoroethylene tubes collect signi cantly higher amount of lipids, such as wax esters (p < 0.04) and cholesterol esters (p < 0.04), than glass capillary tubes 159 . Therefore, careful consideration must be taken when comparing the results of studies using Schirmer strips to studies using microcapillary collection 156 .…”

Section: Pitfalls and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear Fluid as a Matrix for Biomonitoring Environmental and Chemical Exposures

Amini,

Okeme

2023

Preprint

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Purpose: Exposures to hazardous chemicals have been linked to many detrimental health effects. It is critical to have effective biomonitoring methods to measure the levels of these chemicals in humans to better evaluate key environmental exposures that increase the risk of chronic disease and death. Traditional biomonitoring utilizing blood and urine is limited due to the specialized skills and invasiveness of collecting these fluid samples. The systematic review focuses on the tear fluid, which is largely under-researched, as promising alternative to these traditional fluids. The objective is to evaluate the practicability of using human tear fluid for biomonitoring environmental exposures, highlighting potential pitfalls and opportunities. Recent finding: Tear fluid biomonitoring represents a promising method for assessing exposures. Tear fluid uniquely interfaces with the external environment at the air-tear interface, providing a surface for airborne chemicals to diffuse into the ocular environment and interact with biomolecules. Tear fluid also contains molecules from the internal environment that have travelled from the blood to tears by crossing the blood-tear barrier. Our review shows that tear fluid can be used to identify hazardous chemicals from the external and environment environments and to differentiate between different exposure groups. Summary: The review provides a critical analysis of the current state of knowledge in tear-based biomonitoring and draws attention to the promise of using the method for noninvasively increasing access to exposure assessment. The method will become acceptable for routine use as more individual and inter lab studies focus on broadly identifying and quantify exposure markers in tears, understanding factors that influence reliability of the method and standardizing the tear fluid method.

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“…Thereby, μPAD and ELISA are the effective methods to quantify tear lactoferrin in DED patients [209]. Another study found that tear dopamine was higher than in plasma dopamine, which suggested that tear fluid be a noninvasive source to monitor dopamine changes [217].…”

Section: Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometry analysis of human tear fluid biomarkers specific for ocular and systemic diseases in the context of 3P medicine

Zhan

Guo

et al. 2021

EPMA Journal

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Over the last two decades, a large number of non-communicable/chronic disorders reached an epidemic level on a global scale such as diabetes mellitus type 2, cardio-vascular disease, several types of malignancies, neurological and eye pathologies—all exerted system’s enormous socio-economic burden to primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare. The paradigm change from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM/PPPM) has been declared as an essential transformation of the overall healthcare approach to benefit the patient and society at large. To this end, specific biomarker panels are instrumental for a cost-effective predictive approach of individualized prevention and treatments tailored to the person. The source of biomarkers is crucial for specificity and reliability of diagnostic tests and treatment targets. Furthermore, any diagnostic approach preferentially should be noninvasive to increase availability of the biomaterial, and to decrease risks of potential complications as well as concomitant costs. These requirements are clearly fulfilled by tear fluid, which represents a precious source of biomarker panels. The well-justified principle of a “sick eye in a sick body” makes comprehensive tear fluid biomarker profiling highly relevant not only for diagnostics of eye pathologies but also for prediction, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of systemic diseases. One prominent example is the Sicca syndrome linked to a cascade of severe complications that include dry eye, neurologic, and oncologic diseases. In this review, protein profiles in tear fluid are highlighted and corresponding biomarkers are exemplified for several relevant pathologies, including dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy, cancers, and neurological disorders. Corresponding analytical approaches such as sample pre-processing, differential proteomics, electrophoretic techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), microarrays, and mass spectrometry (MS) methodology are detailed. Consequently, we proposed the overall strategies based on the tear fluid biomarkers application for 3P medicine practice. In the context of 3P medicine, tear fluid analytical pathways are considered to predict disease development, to target preventive measures, and to create treatment algorithms tailored to individual patient profiles.

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Dopamine levels in human tear fluid

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Highly Efficient Dopamine Sensing with a Carbon Nanotube-Encapsulated Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructure

Highly Efficient Dopamine Sensing with a Carbon Nanotube-Encapsulated Metal Chalcogenide Nanostructure

Tear Fluid as a Matrix for Biomonitoring Environmental and Chemical Exposures

Mass spectrometry analysis of human tear fluid biomarkers specific for ocular and systemic diseases in the context of 3P medicine

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