“…Those tissues include fat (Sun et al 2009 ) , blood (Ye et al 2009b ) , biopsy specimens, skin, plugged hair (Aasen et al 2008 ) , and extracted teeth (Aasen et al 2008 ;Sun et al 2009 ;Ye et al 2009b ;Yan et al 2010 ) . Thus far in humans, skin fi broblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal cells Huangfu et al 2008 ) , keratinocytes (Aasen et al 2008 ; , peripheral blood cells (Loh et al 2009 ;Ye et al 2009b ) , melanocytes (Utikal et al 2009 ) , neural stem cells (Kim et al 2009b ) , amniotic fl uid-derived cells ( Li et al 2009 ), adipose stem cells from lipoaspirate (Sun et al 2009 ) , dental stem cells (Tamaoki et al 2010 ;Yan et al 2010 ) , and mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord matrix and amniotic membrane (Cai et al 2010 ) have been used for reprogramming.…”