Doped Bioactive Glass Materials in Bone Regeneration

Abstract

In the arena of orthopaedic surgery, autograft is considered to be the gold standard for correction of fracture repair or other bone pathologies. "ut, it has some limitations such as donor site morbidity and shortage of supply, which evolved the use of allograft that also has some disadvantages such as immunogenic response to the host, low osteogenicity as well as possibilities of disease transmission. Despite the benefits of autografts and allografts, the limitations of each have necessitated the pursuit of alternatives biomaterials that has the ability to initiate osteogenesis, and the graft should closely mimic the natural bone along with regeneration of fibroblasts. " variety of artificial materials such as demineralised bone matrix, coralline hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate-based ceramics such as hydroxyapatite H" , -tricalcium phosphate -TCP and bioactive glass have been used over the decades to fill bone defects almost without associated soft tissue development. Most of them were having only the properties of osteointegration and osteoconduction. Only bioactive glass possesses osteogenic property that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells and in some cases influencing the fibroblastic properties. "ut, this material has also some disadvantages such as short-term and low mechanical strength along with decreased fracture resistance but, this was further minimised by ion doping that positively enhanced new bone formation. There are many metal ions such as magnesium Mg , strontium Sr , manganese Mn , iron Fe , zinc Zn , silver "g and some rare earths that have been doped successfully into bioactive glass to enhance their mechanical and biological properties. In some of the cases, mesoporous bioactive glass materials with or without such doping have also been employed with homogeneous distribution of pores in the size ranging between and nm . These biomaterials can be served as scaffold for bone regeneration with adequate mechanical properties to restore bone defects and facilitate healing process by regeneration of soft tissues as well. This chapter encompasses the use of bioactive glass in bulk and mesoporous form with doped therapeutic ions, their role in bone tissue regeneration, use as delivery of growth factors as well as coating material for orthopaedic implants.

Developments in Antibiotic-Eluting Scaffolds for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis

“…There is some evidence that the antibacterial effect of bioactive glass can be further improved by doping them with metal ions such as zinc, strontium or silver [87]. These materials in themselves have antimicrobial properties [88]. In a recent study be Mestres et al (2010), for example, magnesium-containing cements were shown to have intrinsic antimicrobial activity and were sufficient alone, to significantly improve the health state of animals [37].…”

Development of a novel functionally graded membrane containing boron‐modified bioactive glass nanoparticles for guided bone regeneration

“…It was shown that BGs considerably improved mineralization and cell activities when used as parts of biocomposites for periodontal tissue regeneration (Ana Isabel Leal, ; Mota et al, ). Different ions were incorporated into BG compositions, and their effects have been investigated (Nandi, Mahato, Kundu, & Mukherjee, ). Boron (B)‐incorporated BGs are used in regenerative medicine due to their positive effect on release of growth factors and increased turnover of the extracellular matrix (Gorustovich, Guglielmotti, Porto Lopez, & Cabrini, ).…”

“…Boron (B)‐incorporated BGs are used in regenerative medicine due to their positive effect on release of growth factors and increased turnover of the extracellular matrix (Gorustovich, Guglielmotti, Porto Lopez, & Cabrini, ). Inclusion of B into BGs enhances their biodegradation and bioactivity properties (Fernandes et al, ; Nandi et al, ; Yang et al, ). In previous studies, positive effect of B on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblastic cell was shown (Gümüşderelioğlu et al, ; Hakki, Bozkurt, & Hakki, ).…”

Nontoxic glasses: Preparation, structural, electrical and biological properties

“…11,12 The first bioactive glass, 45S5 Bioglass ® was reported by Hench et al in 1969. 26 In this work, 45S5 base glasses, modified with the addition of silver up to 2% in weight, were prepared by melt-quenching and their structure, morphology, electrical, and antibacterial activity measurements were performed. 14 Bioglass ® presents higher bioactivity, having been applied in more than 1 million patients for jaw defects repair and orthopedic-related interventions.…”

“…25 Due to its highly promising antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, silver-doped bioactive glasses are considered very useful for tissue engineering applications. 26 In this work, 45S5 base glasses, modified with the addition of silver up to 2% in weight, were prepared by melt-quenching and their structure, morphology, electrical, and antibacterial activity measurements were performed. The major topic is to evaluate the antibacterial properties.…”