Doppler optical coherence tomography for interventional cardiovascular guidance: in vivo feasibility and forward-viewing probe flow phantom demonstration
Abstract:Abstract.We demonstrate the potential of a forwardlooking Doppler optical coherence tomography ͑OCT͒ probe for color flow imaging in several commonly seen narrowed artery morphologies. As a proof of concept, we present imaging results of a surgically exposed thrombotic occlusion model that was imaged superficially to demonstrate that Doppler OCT can identify flow within the recanalization channels of a blocked artery. We present Doppler OCT images in which the flow is nearly antiparallel to the imaging directi… Show more
“…Its distal end has two types of configurations: 1) fusionaly spliced with 1 mm focal length lens and 2) a GRIN lens placed at the tip of etched fiber to focus light beam. This probe has been implemented in Doppler OCT for color flow imaging of narrowed artery morphologies [91]. For example a thrombotic occlusion is imaged superficially such that flow within the recanalization channels of a blocked artery is identified.…”
The objective of this review article is to overview technology, clinical evidence, and future applications to date optical coherence tomography (OCT) probes to yield the diagnostic purpose. We have reviewed the designing, construction and working of different categories of OCT probes developed for optical diagnostics having a potential for non invasive and improved detection of different types of cancer as well as other neoplasm. Rotational and balloon catheters, imaging needles and hand-held, linear scanning, multichannel, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology based, dynamic focusing, forward view imaging, and common path interferometer based probes have been discussed in details. The fiber probes have shown excellent performance for two dimensional and three dimensional higher resolution, cross-sectional imaging of interior and exterior body tissues that can be compared with histopathology to provide the information about the angiogenesis and other lesions in the tissue. The MEMS-technology based probes are found to be more suitable for three dimensional morphological imaging.Assembled micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) probe
“…Its distal end has two types of configurations: 1) fusionaly spliced with 1 mm focal length lens and 2) a GRIN lens placed at the tip of etched fiber to focus light beam. This probe has been implemented in Doppler OCT for color flow imaging of narrowed artery morphologies [91]. For example a thrombotic occlusion is imaged superficially such that flow within the recanalization channels of a blocked artery is identified.…”
The objective of this review article is to overview technology, clinical evidence, and future applications to date optical coherence tomography (OCT) probes to yield the diagnostic purpose. We have reviewed the designing, construction and working of different categories of OCT probes developed for optical diagnostics having a potential for non invasive and improved detection of different types of cancer as well as other neoplasm. Rotational and balloon catheters, imaging needles and hand-held, linear scanning, multichannel, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology based, dynamic focusing, forward view imaging, and common path interferometer based probes have been discussed in details. The fiber probes have shown excellent performance for two dimensional and three dimensional higher resolution, cross-sectional imaging of interior and exterior body tissues that can be compared with histopathology to provide the information about the angiogenesis and other lesions in the tissue. The MEMS-technology based probes are found to be more suitable for three dimensional morphological imaging.Assembled micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) probe
“…In addition, it is relatively easy to sterilize and maintains a small instrument diameter for insertion through small incisions during minimally invasive surgical procedures. The probe incorporates an electrostatic forward viewing OCT scanner [21,25] into the familiar form factor of the Bayonet shape as shown in Fig. 1
Fig.…”
Section: Probe Design and Technical Performancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, they are not suitable in the field of neurosurgery due to large distal-end (>3 mm), small field of view (<1 mm) or short length to reach pituitary tumors and cerebral aneurysms, which occur near the center of the head, at the skull base. In this paper, a handheld OCT imaging probe with the identical bayonet form factor of the clinically accepted non-imaging Doppler ultrasound probe is developed based on our previous successful development of blood flow detection image processing techniques [20] and forward-viewing OCT imaging mechanisms [21]. With the handheld bayonet form factor, OCT can be used to image internal tissue microstructures that was previously unavailable to surgeons, thus it may become a powerful imaging technology for surgery guidance.…”
A prototype intraoperative hand-held optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging probe was developed to provide micron resolution cross-sectional images of subsurface tissue during open surgery. This new ergonomic probe was designed based on electrostatically driven optical fibers, and packaged into a catheter probe in the form factor of clinically accepted Bayonet shaped neurosurgical probes. Optical properties of the probe were measured to have a ~20 μm spot size, 5 mm working distance and 4 mm field of view. Feasibility of this probe for structural and Doppler shift imaging was tested on porcine femoral blood vessel imaging.
“…However, it is not currently feasible to accomplish high-throughput flow measurements using two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (TPEF), the gold standard for quantitative microvascular imaging ( Kleinfeld et al, 1998 ; Nelson et al, 2020 ; Shaw et al, 2021 ). As an alternative, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has shown promising results for the quantification of blood flow, as demonstrated by Doppler OCT for imaging arterioles and venules ( Munce et al, 2010 ; Srinivasan et al, 2010 ). Doppler OCT has also shown some promise in quantifying red blood cell (RBC) speed ( Tang et al, 2017 ), although RBC flux may be more physiologically relevant as it more closely correlates with oxygenation ( Li et al, 2019 ).…”
We present a deep learning and simulation-based method to measure cortical capillary red blood cell (RBC) flux using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). This method is more accurate than the traditional peak-counting method and avoids any user parametrization, such as a threshold choice. We used data that was simultaneously acquired using OCT and two-photon microscopy to uncover the distribution of parameters governing the height, width, and inter-peak time of peaks in OCT intensity associated with the passage of RBCs. This allowed us to simulate thousands of time-series examples for different flux values and signal-to-noise ratios, which we then used to train a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN). The trained CNN enabled robust measurement of RBC flux across the entire network of hundreds of capillaries.
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