Dose/frequency: A critical factor in the administration of glucan as immunostimulant to Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus

Puthiyedathu, Sajeevan Thavarool; Philip, Rosamma; Singh, I. S. Bright

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.045

Cited by 89 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…0.1 g/kg/day (treatment A) and 0.3 g/kg/day (treatment B), had fewer effects on test shrimp immune response. This was in line with Sajeevan et al (2009) research, according to which, a high dose of immunostimulant can suppress the defense mechanism, while a low dose is not effective in triggering an immune response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Dietary ambon lumut banana stem extract Musa cavendishii var. dwarf Paxtonas an immunostimulant for white spot disease prevention in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Ramadhan

Nuryati

Priyoutomo

et al. 2017

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia

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This study was aimed to evaluate the dietary ambon lumut banana Musa cavendishii var. dwarf Paxton stem extract on the immune responses, growth, and survival rate of Pacific white shrimp against white spot disease. Ambon banana steam extract was obtained by maceration method using ethanol. The shrimps fed by pellet containing ambon banana stem extracts with different dosages for 29 days, i.e designated as 0.1 (A); 0.3 (B), and 0.5 (C) g/ kg, the diet treatment without ambon banana stem extract without challenged test (K-), and diet treatment without ambon banana stem extract with challenged test (K+). Each treatment consisted of three replications. Feeding was conducted for 29 days of maintenance (four times a day). The results showed that the immune responses (average total hemocyte count: 45.15×10 6 cells/mL, phenoloxidase activity 1.03±0.08 OD, respiratory burst 0.95±0.04 OD, phagocytic activity 94.33±1.53%, growth (specific growth rate: 7.79±0.06%/day, feed ratio conversion was 52±0.01), and survival of treatment C (survival rate 100%) were higher compared with the treatment K+ (total hemocyte count: 3.83×10 6 cells/mL, phenoloxidase activity 0.04±0.01 OD, respiratory burst 0.18±0.06 OD, phagocytic activity 5.67±0.58%, specific growth rate: 2.61±0.08%/day, feed conversion ratio 2.11±0.02, survival rate: 50%). Therefore, banana stem extract at a dose of 0.5 g/kg everyday diet can be used to improve growth and nonspecific immune system against white spot disease on Pacific white shrimp.Keywords: Pacific white shrimp, white spot disease, immune response, Ambon banana stem extract ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dosis optimal ekstrak batang pisang ambon melalui pakan dalam meningkatkan respon imun, pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup udang putih terhadap penyakit white spot. Ekstrak batang pisang ambon lumut Musa cavendishii var. dwarf Paxton menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol. Pakan udang yang mengandung ekstrak batang pisang ambon pada dosis yang berbeda selama 29 hari 0,1 (A); 0,3 (B), dan 0,5 (C) g/kg, pakan tanpa pemberian ekstrak batang pisang ambon dan tidak diuji tantang (K-), pakan tanpa pemberian ekstrak batang pisang ambon dan diuji tantang (K+). Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas tiga ulangan. Frekuensi pemberian pakan empat kali sehari selama 29 hari pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C respons imun (rata-rata jumlah total hemosit: 45,15×10 6 sel/ mL, aktivitas phenoloxydase 1,03±0,08 OD, respiratory burst 0,95±0,04 OD, aktivitas fagositik 94,33±1,53%, pertumbuhan (laju pertumbuhan spesifik: 7,79±0,06%/hari, rasio konversi pakan 0,52±0,01), dan kelangsungan hidup (survival rate 100%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan K+ (jumlah total hemosit: 3.83×10 6 sel/ mL, aktivitas phenoloxydase 0,04±0,01 OD, respiratory burst 0,18±0,06 OD, aktivitas fagositik 5,67± 0,58%, laju pertumbuhan spesifik: 2,61±0,08%/hari, rasio konversi pakan 2,11±0,02, nilai kelangsungan hidup: 50%). Jadi, ekstrak batang pisang pada dosis 0,5 g/kg se...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Dietary ambon lumut banana stem extract Musa cavendishii var. dwarf Paxtonas an immunostimulant for white spot disease prevention in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Ramadhan

Nuryati

Priyoutomo

et al. 2017

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia

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“…Group 6, 7, and 8 were fed experimental feeds B (Bacillus MCCB101 incorporated diet (50 cells/g animal/day)); M (Micrococcus MCCB104 (50 cells/g animal/day)) and BM (Bacillus MCCB101 + Micrococcus MCCB104 (100 cells/g animal/day)), respectively. The animals were fed twice daily with the experimental diet, except the glucan diets which was given only once in seven days and the control diet on the rest of the days as per the optimized feeding schedule of Sajeevan et al (2009). Five animals from each group were sampled after 14 days.…”

Section: Feeding Experiments and Wssv Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven different types of experimental diets were prepared: i.e., two glucan diets (CHG and CSG), two yeast diets (CHY and CSY) and three probiont incorporated diets (B, M and BM). The two glucan diets (CHG and CSG) were prepared by incorporating 0.2% glucan (extracted from C. haemulonii S27 and C. sake S165) with the standard diet based on previous studies (Sajeevan et al 2006(Sajeevan et al , 2009. For yeast diets (CHY and CSY), the two marine yeast (wet weight) biomass (C. haemulonii S27and C. sake S165) were incorporated at a concentration of 10% (w/w) in the standard diet.…”

Section: Experimental Diets Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of a crustin-like antimicrobial peptide in the giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and its expression profile in response to various immunostimulants and challenge with WSSV

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tA crustin-like antimicrobial peptide from the haemocytes of giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon was partially characterized at the molecular level and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The partial coding sequence of 299 bp and 91 deduced amino acid residues possessed conserved cysteine residues characteristic of the shrimp crustins. Phylogenetic tree and sequence comparison clearly confirmed divergence of this crustin-like AMP from other shrimp crustins. The differential expression of the crustin-like AMP in P. monodon in response to the administration of various immunostimulants viz., two marine yeasts (Candida haemulonii S27 and Candida sake S165) and two ␤-glucan isolates (extracted from C. haemulonii S27 and C. sake S165) were noted during the study. Responses to the application of two gram-positive probiotic bacteria (Bacillus MCCB101 and Micrococcus MCCB104) were also observed. The immune profile was recorded pre-and post-challenge white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Expressions of seven WSSV genes were also observed for studying the intensity of viral infection in the experimental animals. The crustin-like AMP was found to be constitutively expressed in the animal and a significant down-regulation could be noted post-challenge WSSV. Remarkable down-regulation of the gene was observed in the immunostimulant fed animals pre-challenge followed by a significant up-regulation post-challenge WSSV. Tissue-wise expression of crustin-like AMP on administration of C. haemulonii and Bacillus showed maximum transcripts in gill and intestine. The marine yeast, C. haemulonii and the probiotic bacteria, Bacillus were found to enhance the production of crustin-like AMP and confer significant protection to P. monodon against WSSV infection.

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“…En el mercado existen varios inmunoestimulantes que pretenden fortalecer el sistema inmune de L. vannamei para que sea más resistente a las enfermedades pero existe escaso soporte científico sobre su función y la dosis/frecuencia de aplicación (Sajeevan et al, 2009a). Por lo tanto, en este trabajo Tabla 1.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Los inmunoestimulantes son substancias que estimulan la respuesta inmune, incrementando la resistencia de los peces e invertebrados al estrés y a las enfermedades (Raa, 1996;Sakai, 1999;Doñate et al, 2010). El efecto inmunoestimulante de moléculas (alginato de sodio, glucanos, lipopolisacáridos, nucleótidos, peptidoglucanos y quitosano) y células completas (bacterias y levaduras) ha sido estudiado en peces y crustáceos (Raa, 1996;Sakai, 1999;Sajeevan et al, 2009aSajeevan et al, , 2009bFlores-Miranda et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Respuesta inmune y expresion de genes en el camaron blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei) inducida por inmunoestimulantes microbianos

Luna‐González¹,

Moreno-Herrera²,

Campa‐Córdova³

et al. 2013

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RESUMEN.Se realizó un bioensayo de 26 días para evaluar el efecto inmunoestimulante de bacterias ácido lácticas y levaduras (MI), adicionadas en el alimento, en Litopenaeus vannamei. Los tratamientos del bioensayo se realizaron por triplicado: I) dieta control (Camaronina ® ); II) MI en alimento, diario; III) MI en alimento, cada tres días y; IV) MI en alimento, cada seis días. Los camarones sólo eran libres de WSSV. Para el estudio del sistema inmune se hizo un conteo total de hemocitos, se determinó bioquímicamente la concentración de anión superóxido, y la actividad de la fenoloxidasa. También se estudió la expresión semicuantitativa de seis genes del sistema inmune, utilizando la técnica de RT-PCR. No hubo aumento significativo en el crecimiento y la supervivencia, el conteo total de hemocitos, la concentración de la proteína total en plasma y hemocitos, y la concentración del anión superóxido. La actividad de la fenoloxidasa en plasma en el tratamiento IV fue significativamente mayor que en los tratamientos I, II y III. La fenoloxidasa del SLH (proFO) en el tratamiento IV fue significativamente mayor que en los tratamientos I y III. La MI provocó una sobreexpresión significativa de los genes que codifican para la profenoloxidasa (tratamiento IV), lisozima (tratamiento III) y transglutaminasa (tratamiento II), con respecto a los animales no tratados (control). La mezcla de inmunoestimulantes microbianos puede aumentar la resistencia de L. vannamei contra patógenos en los cultivos. Palabras clave: expresión de genes, inmunoestimulantes microbianos, Litopenaeus vannamei. Immune response and gene expression of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)induced by microbial immunostimulants ABSTRACT. A 26-day bioassay was performed to evaluate the immunostimulating effect of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts (IM), added in the feed, in Litopenaeus vannamei. Bioassay treatments were performed in triplicate: I) control diet (Camaronina ® ); II) IM in food, daily; III) IM in food every three days and; IV) IM in food every six days. The shrimp were WSSV-free. To study the immune system, a total count of hemocytes, the concentration of superoxide anion, and the phenoloxidase activity were analyzed. We also studied the semiquantitative expression of six immune system genes, using the technique of RT-PCR. There was no significant increase in the growth and survival, the total count of hemocytes, the protein concentration, and the concentration of superoxide anion. Phenoloxidase activity in plasma in the treatment IV was significantly higher than in treatments I, II, and III. The phenoloxidase of HLS (proPO) in the IV treatment was significantly higher than in treatments I and III. The IM caused a significant overexpression of the genes coding for the prophenoloxidase (treatment IV), lysozyme (treatment III), and transglutaminase (treatment II) relative to the untreated animals (control). The mixture of microbial immunostimulants may increase the resistance of cultured L. vannamei against pathogens.

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Dose/frequency: A critical factor in the administration of glucan as immunostimulant to Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus

Cited by 89 publications

References 17 publications

Dietary ambon lumut banana stem extract Musa cavendishii var. dwarf Paxtonas an immunostimulant for white spot disease prevention in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Dietary ambon lumut banana stem extract Musa cavendishii var. dwarf Paxtonas an immunostimulant for white spot disease prevention in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Molecular characterization of a crustin-like antimicrobial peptide in the giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and its expression profile in response to various immunostimulants and challenge with WSSV

Respuesta inmune y expresion de genes en el camaron blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei) inducida por inmunoestimulantes microbianos

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